महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-150, verse-3

महेन्द्रमिव चादित्यैरभिगुप्तं महारथैः ।
श्रुत्वा दुर्योधनो राजा किं कार्यं प्रत्यपद्यत ॥३॥

3. mahendramiva cādityairabhiguptaṁ mahārathaiḥ ,
śrutvā duryodhano rājā kiṁ kāryaṁ pratyapadyata.

3. mahendram iva ca ādityaiḥ abhiguptam mahārathaiḥ
śrutvā duryodhanaḥ rājā kim kāryam pratyapadyata

3. ca ādityaiḥ mahārathaiḥ mahendram iva abhiguptam
śrutvā rājā duryodhanaḥ kim kāryam pratyapadyata

3. ...and protected like the great Indra (Mahendra) by the Ādityas and by great charioteers (mahārathas). Having heard this, what action did King Duryodhana then take?

Words meanings summery:

• महेन्द्रम् (mahendram) - the great Indra

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• च (ca) - and

• आदित्यैः (ādityaiḥ) - by the Ādityas (a class of gods)

• अभिगुप्तम् (abhiguptam) - protected, guarded

• महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by great charioteers, by great warriors

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a proper name)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - action, deed, what is to be done

• प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - what action did he take (he did, he took up, he pursued, he obtained)

Words meanings and morphology

महेन्द्रम् (mahendram) - the great Indra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahendra

mahendra - great Indra, chief of the gods

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+indra)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• indra – Indra (king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Object of comparison with 'yudhiṣṭhiram' (implied).

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

आदित्यैः (ādityaiḥ) - by the Ādityas (a class of gods)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āditya

āditya - son of Aditi; a deity, especially referring to a class of twelve solar deities

Note: Agents of protection.

अभिगुप्तम् (abhiguptam) - protected, guarded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhigupta

gup - to protect, to guard

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gup with prefix abhi and suffix kta (ta)

Prefix: abhi

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yudhiṣṭhiram' (implied from previous verse) and 'mahendram'.

महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by great charioteers, by great warriors

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer, a powerful warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (often implying a charioteer)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agents of protection, parallel to 'ādityaiḥ'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from root śru with suffix ktvā (tvā)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Connects with the action of 'pratyapadyata'.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest of the Kauravas)

Note: Subject of 'pratyapadyata'.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Appositive to 'duryodhanaḥ'.

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Adjective modifying 'kāryam'.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - action, deed, what is to be done

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - action, deed, duty, what is to be done

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with suffix ṇyat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'pratyapadyata'.

प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - what action did he take (he did, he took up, he pursued, he obtained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of pratyapad

Prefixes: prati+apa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Root 'pad' with prefixes 'prati' and 'apa'.