महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-150, verse-21

ते रथान्रथिनः श्रेष्ठा हयांश्च हयकोविदाः ।
सज्जयन्ति स्म नागांश्च नागशिक्षासु निष्ठिताः ॥२१॥

21. te rathānrathinaḥ śreṣṭhā hayāṁśca hayakovidāḥ ,
sajjayanti sma nāgāṁśca nāgaśikṣāsu niṣṭhitāḥ.

21. te rathān rathinaḥ śreṣṭhāḥ hayān ca hayakovidaḥ
sajjayanti sma nāgān ca nāgaśikṣāsu niṣṭhitāḥ

21. te śreṣṭhāḥ rathinaḥ hayakovidaḥ ca nāgaśikṣāsu
niṣṭhitāḥ rathān hayān ca nāgān ca sajjayanti sma

21. Those excellent charioteers, skilled in horses, and proficient in elephant training, were preparing chariots, horses, and elephants.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• रथान् (rathān) - chariots

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers

• श्रेष्ठाः (śreṣṭhāḥ) - excellent, best

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

• च (ca) - and

• हयकोविदः (hayakovidaḥ) - skilled in horses

• सज्जयन्ति (sajjayanti) - were preparing, equipping

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense

• नागान् (nāgān) - elephants

• च (ca) - and

• नागशिक्षासु (nāgaśikṣāsu) - in elephant training

• निष्ठिताः (niṣṭhitāḥ) - skilled, proficient, accomplished

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

रथान् (rathān) - chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

श्रेष्ठाः (śreṣṭhāḥ) - excellent, best

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief, superior

Note: Modifies 'rathinaḥ'

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

हयकोविदः (hayakovidaḥ) - skilled in horses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hayakovida

hayakovida - skilled in horses, expert in horses

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+kovida)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• kovida – skilled, experienced, expert
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'te' (implied subject)

सज्जयन्ति (sajjayanti) - were preparing, equipping

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of sajjayat

Causative, Present Active

From denominative root 'sajj' (to be ready) + caus. -ay

Root: sajj

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense

(indeclinable)

नागान् (nāgān) - elephants

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - elephant, serpent, Naga (a mythical being)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

नागशिक्षासु (nāgaśikṣāsu) - in elephant training

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of nāgaśikṣā

nāgaśikṣā - elephant training, instruction in elephants

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+śikṣā)

• nāga – elephant, serpent
  noun (masculine)
• śikṣā – instruction, training, learning
  noun (feminine)

निष्ठिताः (niṣṭhitāḥ) - skilled, proficient, accomplished

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niṣṭhita

niṣṭhita - skilled, proficient, accomplished, fixed, established

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā' with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'te' (implied subject)