महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-56, verse-17

तमायान्तं महाबाहुं जिगीषन्तं रणे परान् ।
अभ्यवारयदव्यग्रः क्रूरकर्मा धनंजयम् ॥१७॥

17. tamāyāntaṁ mahābāhuṁ jigīṣantaṁ raṇe parān ,
abhyavārayadavyagraḥ krūrakarmā dhanaṁjayam.

17. tam āyāntam mahābāhum jigīṣantam raṇe parān
abhyavārayat avyagraḥ krūrakarmā dhanaṃjayam

17. The unperturbed one, known for cruel deeds (krūrakarmā), intercepted the mighty-armed Dhananjaya (Arjuna) who was approaching, eager to conquer the enemies in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him)

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

• महाबाहुम् (mahābāhum) - mighty-armed

• जिगीषन्तम् (jigīṣantam) - desiring to conquer, wishing to defeat

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

• परान् (parān) - enemies, opponents

• अभ्यवारयत् (abhyavārayat) - he stopped, he restrained

• अव्यग्रः (avyagraḥ) - undisturbed, calm, unagitated

• क्रूरकर्मा (krūrakarmā) - a specific Kaurava warrior, e.g., Droṇa or Kṛpa (one whose deeds are cruel, cruel-doer)

• धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Dhananjaya, Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Dhananjaya (Arjuna).

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - approaching, coming

Present Active Participle

Derived from root yā with prefix ā, present participle suffix -at.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

महाबाहुम् (mahābāhum) - mighty-armed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - one with mighty arms, mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

जिगीषन्तम् (jigīṣantam) - desiring to conquer, wishing to defeat

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jigīṣant

jigīṣant - desiring to conquer

Desiderative Present Participle

Derived from desiderative stem jigīṣu of root ji (to conquer).

Root: ji (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

Root: raṇ (class 1)

परान् (parān) - enemies, opponents

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, enemy, supreme

अभ्यवारयत् (abhyavārayat) - he stopped, he restrained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-ava-vṛ

Causative imperfect active

Causative stem vāray with prefixes abhi and ava. 3rd person singular imperfect ending -at.

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

अव्यग्रः (avyagraḥ) - undisturbed, calm, unagitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avyagra

avyagra - undisturbed, calm, composed

Negative prefix a- + vyagra.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyagra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vyagra – agitated, perplexed, busy
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: vi

Note: Refers to Krūrakarmā.

क्रूरकर्मा (krūrakarmā) - a specific Kaurava warrior, e.g., Droṇa or Kṛpa (one whose deeds are cruel, cruel-doer)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krūrakarman

krūrakarman - one whose actions are cruel

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (krūra+karman)

• krūra – cruel, fierce, harsh
  adjective
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• karman – action, deed, (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to a specific Kaurava warrior, possibly Droṇa or Kṛpa.

धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Dhananjaya, Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, Arjuna

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jaya – victory, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)