महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-55, verse-4

यत्सभायां स्म पाञ्चालीं क्लिश्यमानां दुरात्मभिः ।
दृष्टवानसि तस्याद्य फलमाप्नुहि केवलम् ॥४॥

4. yatsabhāyāṁ sma pāñcālīṁ kliśyamānāṁ durātmabhiḥ ,
dṛṣṭavānasi tasyādya phalamāpnuhi kevalam.

4. yat sabhāyām sma pāñcālīm kliśyamānām durātmabhiḥ
dṛṣṭavān asi tasya adya phalam āpnuhi kevalam

4. The consequence of merely having witnessed Draupadi being tormented by wicked people in that assembly – that alone you shall now obtain.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - in which (referring to the assembly) (which, what, that, in which)

• सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly (where the dice game occurred) (in the assembly, in the hall)

• स्म (sma) - (particle, indicating emphasis or past context) (indeed, certainly, particle indicating past tense with present verbs, or emphasis)

• पाञ्चालीम् (pāñcālīm) - Draupadi (Draupadi, a woman from Pañcāla)

• क्लिश्यमानाम् (kliśyamānām) - being tormented (being tormented, suffering, distressed)

• दुरात्मभिः (durātmabhiḥ) - by wicked people (specifically the Kauravas like Duryodhana, Duḥśāsana, etc.) (by evil-minded ones, by wicked people)

• दृष्टवान् (dṛṣṭavān) - you who saw (used with asi to form a past tense 'you saw') (having seen, one who saw)

• असि (asi) - you are (auxiliary verb to form past tense with participle) (you are)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (referring to the act of witnessing) (of that, of him, of it)

• अद्य (adya) - now (today, now)

• फलम् (phalam) - consequence (fruit, result, consequence)

• आप्नुहि (āpnuhi) - obtain (imperative command) (obtain, reach, attain)

• केवलम् (kevalam) - solely, alone (merely, only, exclusively)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - in which (referring to the assembly) (which, what, that, in which)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what, that, because, since

Note: Relative pronoun or indeclinable adverbial usage.

सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly (where the dice game occurred) (in the assembly, in the hall)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, hall, gambling house

स्म (sma) - (particle, indicating emphasis or past context) (indeed, certainly, particle indicating past tense with present verbs, or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

पाञ्चालीम् (pāñcālīm) - Draupadi (Draupadi, a woman from Pañcāla)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāñcālī

pāñcālī - Draupadi, a princess of the Pañcālas

क्लिश्यमानाम् (kliśyamānām) - being tormented (being tormented, suffering, distressed)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kliśyamāna

kliśyamāna - being distressed, being tormented, suffering

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root √kliś (to torment, to trouble) with the suffix -yamāna (passive present participle ending).

Root: kliś (class 4)

Note: Modifies pāñcālīm.

दुरात्मभिः (durātmabhiḥ) - by wicked people (specifically the Kauravas like Duryodhana, Duḥśāsana, etc.) (by evil-minded ones, by wicked people)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious person

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+ātman)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, supreme spirit, individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

दृष्टवान् (dṛṣṭavān) - you who saw (used with asi to form a past tense 'you saw') (having seen, one who saw)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭavat

dṛṣṭavat - having seen, one who has seen

Past Active Participle

Derived from root √dṛś (to see) with the suffix -tavat (past active participle ending).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Masculine nominative singular form of the participle. Used with asi to mean 'you saw'.

असि (asi) - you are (auxiliary verb to form past tense with participle) (you are)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present Indicative

Second person singular present tense form of √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (referring to the act of witnessing) (of that, of him, of it)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can be masculine or neuter genitive singular. Here likely refers to the neuter 'that' action.

अद्य (adya) - now (today, now)

(indeclinable)

फलम् (phalam) - consequence (fruit, result, consequence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Note: Object of āpnuhi.

आप्नुहि (āpnuhi) - obtain (imperative command) (obtain, reach, attain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of āp

Imperative

Second person singular imperative form of √āp (to obtain) in the 5th class (śnu-vikaraṇa).

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: The prefix ā is part of the verb.

केवलम् (kevalam) - solely, alone (merely, only, exclusively)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kevala

kevala - sole, mere, exclusive, only

Note: Adverbial accusative, modifying āpnuhi.