महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-55, verse-24

तस्य भित्त्वा तनुत्राणं कायमभ्यपतच्छरः ।
ततः स तमसाविष्टो न स्म किंचित्प्रजज्ञिवान् ॥२४॥

24. tasya bhittvā tanutrāṇaṁ kāyamabhyapataccharaḥ ,
tataḥ sa tamasāviṣṭo na sma kiṁcitprajajñivān.

24. tasya bhittvā tanutrāṇam kāyam abhyapatat śaraḥ
tataḥ saḥ tamasā āviṣṭaḥ na sma kiñcit prajajñivān

24. The arrow, having pierced his armor, struck his body. Consequently, enveloped by darkness, he could not perceive anything at all.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that

• भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having pierced, having broken, having split

• तनुत्राणम् (tanutrāṇam) - armor, shield, body protection

• कायम् (kāyam) - body

• अभ्यपतत् (abhyapatat) - fell upon, rushed towards, struck

• शरः (śaraḥ) - arrow

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that, therefore, consequently

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by ignorance, by gloom

• आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - entered, pervaded, enveloped, overcome, possessed

• न (na) - not, no

• स्म (sma) - indeed, verily, particle indicating past tense with present verbs

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, a little

• प्रजज्ञिवान् (prajajñivān) - knew, understood, perceived (one who has known)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having pierced, having broken, having split

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root bhid (7th class) + -tvā suffix

Root: bhid (class 7)

तनुत्राणम् (tanutrāṇam) - armor, shield, body protection

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tanutrāṇa

tanutrāṇa - armor, shield, body protection

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tanu+trāṇa)

• tanu – body, limb, person
  noun (feminine)
• trāṇa – protection, saving, shelter
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root trā (to protect)
  Root: trā (class 2)

कायम् (kāyam) - body

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body

अभ्यपतत् (abhyapatat) - fell upon, rushed towards, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyapat

Imperfect 3rd singular active

Prefixes: abhi+apa

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Prefixes abhi and apa indicate direction and intensity.

शरः (śaraḥ) - arrow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that, therefore, consequently

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by ignorance, by gloom

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, one of the three guṇas

आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - entered, pervaded, enveloped, overcome, possessed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āviṣṭa

āviṣṭa - entered, pervaded, enveloped, overcome, possessed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ā + viś (6th class) + kta (past passive participle suffix)

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying 'saḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - indeed, verily, particle indicating past tense with present verbs

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to emphasize the past nature of the action described by the participle 'prajajñivān'.

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, a little

(indeclinable)

प्रजज्ञिवान् (prajajñivān) - knew, understood, perceived (one who has known)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajajñivas

prajajñivas - one who has known, understood, perceived

Past Active Participle

Derived from pra + jñā (9th class) + -vas (kvasu) suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying 'saḥ'.