महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-55, verse-2

अवोचः परुषा वाचो धर्ममुत्सृज्य केवलम् ।
इदं तु दुष्करं मन्ये यदिदं ते चिकीर्षितम् ॥२॥

2. avocaḥ paruṣā vāco dharmamutsṛjya kevalam ,
idaṁ tu duṣkaraṁ manye yadidaṁ te cikīrṣitam.

2. avocaḥ paruṣāḥ vācaḥ dharmam utsṛjya kevalam
idam tu duṣkaram manye yat idam te cikīrṣitam

2. You spoke harsh words, entirely abandoning natural law (dharma). But this, which is intended by you, I consider difficult to achieve.

Words meanings summery:

• अवोचः (avocaḥ) - you spoke, you said

• परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh (words) (harsh, rough, cruel)

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - harsh words (words, speeches)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - proper conduct (dharma) (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - entirely abandoning (having abandoned, having given up)

• केवलम् (kevalam) - entirely (merely, only, entirely, exclusively)

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the challenge) (this)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand)

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to achieve (difficult to do, hard, impossible)

• मन्ये (manye) - I consider (I think, I believe, I consider)

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that)

• इदम् (idam) - this (which is your intention) (this)

• ते (te) - by you (instrumental sense for the action) (by you, for you, your)

• चिकीर्षितम् (cikīrṣitam) - intended (by you) (desired to be done, intended, attempted)

Words meanings and morphology

अवोचः (avocaḥ) - you spoke, you said

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From 'vac', imperfect, 2nd person singular.

परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh (words) (harsh, rough, cruel)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

Note: Agrees with `vācaḥ`.

वाचः (vācaḥ) - harsh words (words, speeches)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of `avocaḥ`.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - proper conduct (dharma) (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Direct object of `utsṛjya`.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - entirely abandoning (having abandoned, having given up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'sṛj' with upasarga 'ut'

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Absolutive describing action performed before speaking.

केवलम् (kevalam) - entirely (merely, only, entirely, exclusively)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kevala

kevala - only, sole, entire, exclusive

Note: Adverbial use, modifying `utsṛjya`.

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the challenge) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to the current challenge.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating contrast.

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to achieve (difficult to do, hard, impossible)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard, arduous

Compound of 'dus' (bad, difficult) and 'kara' (doing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• kara – doing, making, hand
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'kṛ'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for `idam`.

मन्ये (manye) - I consider (I think, I believe, I consider)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Atmanepada form.

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun for `idam`.

इदम् (idam) - this (which is your intention) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

ते (te) - by you (instrumental sense for the action) (by you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic. Agent for the passive participle `cikīrṣitam`.

चिकीर्षितम् (cikīrṣitam) - intended (by you) (desired to be done, intended, attempted)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cikīrṣita

cikīrṣita - desired to be done, intended, attempted

Past Passive Participle (Desiderative)

Derived from desiderative stem of root 'kṛ' + -ita suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: P.P.P. (desiderative) predicate for `yat idam`.