महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-55, verse-25

स गाढवेदनो हित्वा रणं प्रायादुदङ्मुखः ।
ततोऽर्जुन उपाक्रोशदुत्तरश्च महारथः ॥२५॥

25. sa gāḍhavedano hitvā raṇaṁ prāyādudaṅmukhaḥ ,
tato'rjuna upākrośaduttaraśca mahārathaḥ.

25. saḥ gāḍhavedanaḥ hitvā raṇam prāyāt udaṅmukhaḥ
tataḥ arjunaḥ upākrośat uttaraḥ ca mahārathaḥ

25. Suffering intense pain, he left the battlefield and went northwards. Then Arjuna and the great chariot warrior Uttara cried out.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• गाढवेदनः (gāḍhavedanaḥ) - suffering intense pain, deeply pained

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having left, having abandoned, having given up

• रणम् (raṇam) - battle, battlefield, war

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - went, proceeded, departed

• उदङ्मुखः (udaṅmukhaḥ) - facing north, having face turned northward

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that, therefore, consequently

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (a celebrated warrior)

• उपाक्रोशत् (upākrośat) - cried out, called out, rebuked

• उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - Uttara (name of a prince)

• च (ca) - and, also

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, great chariot fighter

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गाढवेदनः (gāḍhavedanaḥ) - suffering intense pain, deeply pained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāḍhavedana

gāḍhavedana - deeply pained, suffering intense pain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gāḍha+vedanā)

• gāḍha – deep, firm, intense, severe
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gah (to penetrate) + kta
  Root: gah (class 1)
• vedanā – pain, sensation, feeling
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root vid (to know, to feel)
  Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing 'saḥ'.

हित्वा (hitvā) - having left, having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root hā (3rd class) + -tvā suffix. 'hā' often becomes 'hitvā' in absolutive.

Root: hā (class 3)

रणम् (raṇam) - battle, battlefield, war

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, battlefield, war, conflict

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - went, proceeded, departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prāyā

Imperfect 3rd singular active. From pra + yā (2nd class).

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

उदङ्मुखः (udaṅmukhaḥ) - facing north, having face turned northward

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udaṅmukha

udaṅmukha - facing north, northward

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udac+mukha)

• udac – north, northern
  adjective
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing 'saḥ'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that, therefore, consequently

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (a celebrated warrior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a famous warrior)

उपाक्रोशत् (upākrośat) - cried out, called out, rebuked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upākruś

Imperfect 3rd singular active. From upa + ā + kruś (1st class).

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: kruś (class 1)

उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - Uttara (name of a prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttara

uttara - Uttara (name of a prince, son of Virāṭa), northern, superior

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, great chariot fighter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, great chariot fighter, hero

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior (riding a chariot)
  noun (masculine)