महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-55, verse-19

उपासङ्गादुपादाय कर्णो बाणानथापरान् ।
विव्याध पाण्डवं हस्ते तस्य मुष्टिरशीर्यत ॥१९॥

19. upāsaṅgādupādāya karṇo bāṇānathāparān ,
vivyādha pāṇḍavaṁ haste tasya muṣṭiraśīryata.

19. upāsaṅgāt upādāya karṇaḥ bāṇān atha aparān
vivyādha pāṇḍavam haste tasya muṣṭiḥ aśīryata

19. Then Karṇa, taking other arrows from his quiver, pierced the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) in the hand. As a result, his (Arjuna's) grip became loose.

Words meanings summery:

• उपासङ्गात् (upāsaṅgāt) - from the quiver

• उपादाय (upādāya) - having taken up (arrows) (having taken, having picked up)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (proper name))

• बाणान् (bāṇān) - arrows

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• अपरान् (aparān) - other (arrows) (other, different, subsequent)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - he (Karna) pierced (he/she/it pierced, struck)

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) (a descendant of Pandu; Arjuna)

• हस्ते (haste) - in the hand (of Arjuna) (in the hand, on the hand)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Arjuna's) (his, of him)

• मुष्टिः (muṣṭiḥ) - grip (on the bow) (fist, closed hand, grip)

• अशीर्यत (aśīryata) - it (his grip) became loose (it shattered, loosened, crumbled, decayed)

Words meanings and morphology

उपासङ्गात् (upāsaṅgāt) - from the quiver

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of upāsaṅga

upāsaṅga - quiver (lit. near-attachment), arm-guard

From `upa` + `sañj` (to cling).

Prefix: upa

Root: sañj (class 1)

उपादाय (upādāya) - having taken up (arrows) (having taken, having picked up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from `upa` + `ā` + root `dā` (to give/take) with lyap suffix.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karna (proper name)

Note: Subject of 'vivyādha'.

बाणान् (bāṇān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Root: baṇ

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

अपरान् (aparān) - other (arrows) (other, different, subsequent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, different, subsequent

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇān'.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - he (Karna) pierced (he/she/it pierced, struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vyadh

Past Tense (Perfect)

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Reduplicated root.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Main verb.

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) (a descendant of Pandu; Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, descendant of Pāṇḍu

Derived from `Pāṇḍu` with `aṇ` suffix.

Note: Object of 'vivyādha'.

हस्ते (haste) - in the hand (of Arjuna) (in the hand, on the hand)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of hasta

hasta - hand, arm

तस्य (tasya) - his (Arjuna's) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, his, her, its

मुष्टिः (muṣṭiḥ) - grip (on the bow) (fist, closed hand, grip)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muṣṭi

muṣṭi - fist, closed hand, handful, grip

From root `muṣ` (to steal, seize, close).

Root: muṣ (class 1)

अशीर्यत (aśīryata) - it (his grip) became loose (it shattered, loosened, crumbled, decayed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (Laṅ) of śīr

Past Imperfect

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada). Takes augment 'a'. Derived from root `śṛ` (to break, crush) via 4th class passive stem `śīryate`.

Root: śṛ (class 4)