महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-55, verse-1

अर्जुन उवाच ।
कर्ण यत्ते सभामध्ये बहु वाचा विकत्थितम् ।
न मे युधि समोऽस्तीति तदिदं प्रत्युपस्थितम् ॥१॥

1. arjuna uvāca ,
karṇa yatte sabhāmadhye bahu vācā vikatthitam ,
na me yudhi samo'stīti tadidaṁ pratyupasthitam.

1. arjuna uvāca karṇa yat te sabhāmadhye bahu vācā vikatthitam
na me yudhi samaḥ asti iti tat idam pratyupasthitam

1. Arjuna said: "O Karna, that which you boasted so much with words in the assembly, saying, 'No one is my equal in battle,' that very situation has now presented itself."

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karna! (vocative) (Karna (name))

• यत् (yat) - that which (referring to the boast) (which, what, that)

• ते (te) - by you (referring to Karna, instrumental sense) (by you, for you, your)

• सभामध्ये (sabhāmadhye) - in the assembly hall (in the assembly, in the middle of the assembly)

• बहु (bahu) - much, greatly (modifying 'vikatthitam') (much, many, abundant)

• वाचा (vācā) - with words (by speech, by words)

• विकत्थितम् (vikatthitam) - that which was boasted (boasted, self-praised)

• न (na) - not, no

• मे (me) - my (in the sense of 'for me') (my, to me, for me)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• समः (samaḥ) - an equal (to me) (equal, similar, same)

• अस्ति (asti) - there is (is, exists)

• इति (iti) - (marking reported speech) (thus, so, saying)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the challenge) (that, it)

• इदम् (idam) - this (now) (this, these)

• प्रत्युपस्थितम् (pratyupasthitam) - has presented itself (the challenge) (has arrived, has presented itself, has come near)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karna! (vocative) (Karna (name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a warrior)

यत् (yat) - that which (referring to the boast) (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Acts as a relative pronoun for the coming statement

ते (te) - by you (referring to Karna, instrumental sense) (by you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form. Here implies agency 'by you'.

सभामध्ये (sabhāmadhye) - in the assembly hall (in the assembly, in the middle of the assembly)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sabhāmadhya

sabhāmadhya - middle of the assembly

Compound type : tatpurusha (sabhā+madhya)

• sabhā – assembly, council, court
  noun (feminine)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)

बहु (bahu) - much, greatly (modifying 'vikatthitam') (much, many, abundant)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant

Note: Used here adverbially, modifying 'vikatthitam' (neuter singular).

वाचा (vācā) - with words (by speech, by words)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Means 'by means of words'

विकत्थितम् (vikatthitam) - that which was boasted (boasted, self-praised)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vikatthita

vikatthita - boasted, praised oneself

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'katth' with upasarga 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: katth (class 1)

Note: P.P.P. agreeing with `yat` (neuter)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation

मे (me) - my (in the sense of 'for me') (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, war, fight

समः (samaḥ) - an equal (to me) (equal, similar, same)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sama

sama - equal, similar, same

Note: Refers to 'an equal person'.

अस्ति (asti) - there is (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - (marking reported speech) (thus, so, saying)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marker for direct speech.

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the challenge) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to `yat` and the boast.

इदम् (idam) - this (now) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to the present situation.

प्रत्युपस्थितम् (pratyupasthitam) - has presented itself (the challenge) (has arrived, has presented itself, has come near)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratyupasthita

pratyupasthita - arrived, presented, stood ready

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā' with upasargas 'prati' and 'upa'

Prefixes: prati+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: P.P.P., predicate to `tat idam`.