महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-55, verse-16

प्रतिजग्राह तान्कर्णः शरानग्निशिखोपमान् ।
शरवर्षेण महता वर्षमाण इवाम्बुदः ॥१६॥

16. pratijagrāha tānkarṇaḥ śarānagniśikhopamān ,
śaravarṣeṇa mahatā varṣamāṇa ivāmbudaḥ.

16. pratijagrāha tān karṇaḥ śarān agniśikhopamān
śaravarṣeṇa mahatā varṣamāṇaḥ iva ambudaḥ

16. Karṇa received those arrows, which were like flames of fire. He then resembled a cloud, raining down a great shower of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - retaliated (by receiving/returning fire) (received, accepted, seized, retaliated)

• तान् (tān) - those (arrows, referring to the opponent's arrows) (those)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (proper name))

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• अग्निशिखोपमान् (agniśikhopamān) - resembling flames of fire

• शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - with a shower of arrows (with a rain of arrows, by a shower of arrows)

• महता (mahatā) - with a great (shower) (by/with a great, by/with a large)

• वर्षमाणः (varṣamāṇaḥ) - showering (arrows), raining (like a cloud) (raining, showering)

• इव (iva) - like, as if (like, as, as if)

• अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - a cloud (cloud, giver of water)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - retaliated (by receiving/returning fire) (received, accepted, seized, retaliated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of prati + grah

Past Tense (Perfect)

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Root 'grah' with reduplication.

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

तान् (tān) - those (arrows, referring to the opponent's arrows) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karna (proper name)

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ

अग्निशिखोपमान् (agniśikhopamān) - resembling flames of fire

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of agniśikhopama

agniśikhopama - resembling flames of fire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agni+śikhā+upama)

• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)
• śikhā – flame, crest, peak
  noun (feminine)
• upama – resembling, like, similar
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'śarān'.

शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - with a shower of arrows (with a rain of arrows, by a shower of arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - rain of arrows, shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ
• varṣa – rain, showering
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root vṛṣ 'to rain'.
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

महता (mahatā) - with a great (shower) (by/with a great, by/with a large)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, big, mighty

Note: Qualifies 'śaravarṣeṇa'.

वर्षमाणः (varṣamāṇaḥ) - showering (arrows), raining (like a cloud) (raining, showering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varṣamāṇa

varṣamāṇa - raining, showering, pouring

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'vṛṣ' (to rain) with śānac suffix for middle voice.

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective here, describing Karna.

इव (iva) - like, as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - a cloud (cloud, giver of water)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambuda

ambuda - cloud (lit. water-giver)

`ambu` (water) + `da` (giver, from root `dā` - to give).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ambu+da)

• ambu – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giver, bestower
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun suffix
  Derived from root `dā` (to give) with a kṛt suffix.
  Root: dā (class 3)