महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-52, verse-8

ततः कनकपुङ्खाग्रैर्वीरः संनतपर्वभिः ।
त्वरन्गाण्डीवनिर्मुक्तैरर्जुनस्तस्य वाजिनः ।
चतुर्भिश्चतुरस्तीक्ष्णैरविध्यत्परमेषुभिः ॥८॥

8. tataḥ kanakapuṅkhāgrairvīraḥ saṁnataparvabhiḥ ,
tvarangāṇḍīvanirmuktairarjunastasya vājinaḥ ,
caturbhiścaturastīkṣṇairavidhyatparameṣubhiḥ.

8. tataḥ kanakapuṅkhāgraiḥ vīraḥ
saṃnataparvabhiḥ tvaran gāṇḍīvanirmuktaiḥ
arjunaḥ tasya vājinaḥ caturbhiḥ
caturaḥ tīkṣṇaiḥ avidhyat parameṣubhiḥ

8. Then, the hero Arjuna, acting swiftly, pierced Kṛpa's four horses with four sharp, excellent arrows. These arrows, released from his gāṇḍīva bow, had golden shafts and perfectly joined nodes.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• कनकपुङ्खाग्रैः (kanakapuṅkhāgraiḥ) - with arrows having golden shafts and sharp points

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - the hero (Arjuna) (hero, brave man, warrior)

• संनतपर्वभिः (saṁnataparvabhiḥ) - with perfectly joined nodes (referring to arrows) (with well-jointed (arrows), with perfectly nodal shafts)

• त्वरन् (tvaran) - acting swiftly (hastening, rushing, hurrying)

• गाण्डीवनिर्मुक्तैः (gāṇḍīvanirmuktaiḥ) - released from his gāṇḍīva bow (released from the gāṇḍīva bow)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (name of a hero))

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Kṛpa's) (his, of him, that)

• वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - horses (of Kṛpa) (horses, steed)

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four (arrows) (with four)

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four (horses) (four)

• तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - sharp (sharp, keen, pungent)

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced (pierced, struck, hit)

• परमेषुभिः (parameṣubhiḥ) - with excellent arrows

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

कनकपुङ्खाग्रैः (kanakapuṅkhāgraiḥ) - with arrows having golden shafts and sharp points

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kanakapuṅkhāgra

kanakapuṅkhāgra - having golden feather-ends (shafts) and sharp points (of arrows)

Bahuvrīhi compound. kanaka (gold) + puṅkha (feather-end/shaft) + agra (tip/point).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kanaka+puṅkha+agra)

• kanaka – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
• puṅkha – feather-end of an arrow, shaft of an arrow
  noun (masculine)
• agra – tip, point, front, summit
  noun (neuter)

Note: These adjectives (kanakapuṅkhāgraiḥ, saṃnataparvabhiḥ, gāṇḍīvanirmuktaiḥ, tīkṣṇaiḥ, parameṣubhiḥ) all modify the implicit śaraiḥ (arrows).

वीरः (vīraḥ) - the hero (Arjuna) (hero, brave man, warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, mighty man, warrior

Root: vīr (class 10)

संनतपर्वभिः (saṁnataparvabhiḥ) - with perfectly joined nodes (referring to arrows) (with well-jointed (arrows), with perfectly nodal shafts)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saṃnataparvan

saṁnataparvan - having bent joints/nodes, well-jointed (esp. of arrows)

Bahuvrīhi compound. sam (well, perfectly) + nata (bent) + parvan (joint, knot). Refers to the smooth, well-made joints on an arrow shaft.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sam+nata+parvan)

• sam – together, completely, well
  prefix
• nata – bent, bowed, humbled
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root nam (to bend) + suffix kta.
  Root: nam (class 1)
• parvan – joint, knot, limb, division
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies parameṣubhiḥ.

त्वरन् (tvaran) - acting swiftly (hastening, rushing, hurrying)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarat

tvarat - hastening, quickening, being swift

Present Active Participle

From root tvar (to hasten) + suffix śatṛ.

Root: tvar (class 1)

गाण्डीवनिर्मुक्तैः (gāṇḍīvanirmuktaiḥ) - released from his gāṇḍīva bow (released from the gāṇḍīva bow)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gāṇḍīvanirmukta

gāṇḍīvanirmukta - released from the gāṇḍīva bow

Tatpurusha compound. gāṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow) + nirmukta (released).

Compound type : tatpurusha (gāṇḍīva+nirmukta)

• gāṇḍīva – gāṇḍīva (name of Arjuna's bow)
  proper noun (neuter)
• nirmukta – released, discharged, freed
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix nir + root muc (to release) + suffix kta.
  Prefix: nir
  Root: muc (class 6)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (name of a hero))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of one of the Pāṇḍava brothers), white, silvery

Root: ṛj (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Kṛpa's) (his, of him, that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, refers to Kṛpa.

वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - horses (of Kṛpa) (horses, steed)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vājin

vājin - horse, swift, strong, powerful

From vāji (swift) + in suffix.

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Object of avidhyat.

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four (arrows) (with four)

(numeral)

Note: Modifies parameṣubhiḥ.

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four (horses) (four)

(numeral)

Note: Modifies vājinaḥ.

तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - sharp (sharp, keen, pungent)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, severe, hot

From root tij (to sharpen).

Root: tij (class 1)

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced (pierced, struck, hit)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyadh

Imperfect Active

From root vyadh (to pierce, strike) in its weak form vidh + augment a + at ending for 3rd person singular imperfect active.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

परमेषुभिः (parameṣubhiḥ) - with excellent arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of parameṣu

parameṣu - excellent arrow, best arrow

Karmadhāraya compound. parama (supreme, excellent) + iṣu (arrow).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+iṣu)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent, best
  adjective
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)