महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-52, verse-15

छिन्ने धनुषि पार्थेन सोऽन्यदादाय कार्मुकम् ।
चकार गौतमः सज्यं तदद्भुतमिवाभवत् ॥१५॥

15. chinne dhanuṣi pārthena so'nyadādāya kārmukam ,
cakāra gautamaḥ sajyaṁ tadadbhutamivābhavat.

15. chinne dhanuṣi pārthena saḥ anyat ādāya kārmukam
cakāra gautamaḥ sajyam tat adbhutam iva abhavat

15. When his bow was broken by Arjuna (pārtha), he (Gautama) took another bow and strung it. That event seemed astonishing.

Words meanings summery:

• छिन्ने (chinne) - broken (broken, cut, severed)

• धनुषि (dhanuṣi) - (when) the bow (was broken) (in the bow, on the bow)

• पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna (pārtha) (by Arjuna, by the son of Pṛthā)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Gautama/Karna) (he, that)

• अन्यत् (anyat) - another (another, other, different)

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (having taken, having seized)

• कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - bow (bow, weapon)

• चकार (cakāra) - he strung (lit. "made strung") (he did, he made)

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (Karna) (descendant of Gotama (Karna is sometimes referred to by this patronymic))

• सज्यम् (sajyam) - strung (ready for use) (strung, with a string, attended by an assembly)

• तत् (tat) - that (event) (that, it)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing (wonderful, amazing, miraculous)

• इव (iva) - seemed (as if) (like, as, as it were)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it became (it became, it was)

Words meanings and morphology

छिन्ने (chinne) - broken (broken, cut, severed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of chinna

chinna - broken, cut, severed, divided

Past Passive Participle

From root chid (to cut, break)

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Adjective agreeing with dhanuṣi, forming a locative absolute construction.

धनुषि (dhanuṣi) - (when) the bow (was broken) (in the bow, on the bow)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, rainbow

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna (pārtha) (by Arjuna, by the son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā + aṇ suffix

Note: Agent in the locative absolute.

सः (saḥ) - he (Gautama/Karna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of cakāra.

अन्यत् (anyat) - another (another, other, different)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Adjective for kārmukam.

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (having taken, having seized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dā (to give) with prefix ā and suffix -ya

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Gerund expressing prior action.

कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - bow (bow, weapon)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārmuka

kārmuka - bow, made of kārmuka wood

Note: Object of ādāya.

चकार (cakāra) - he strung (lit. "made strung") (he did, he made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is gautamaḥ. Used with sajyam to mean 'strung'.

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (Karna) (descendant of Gotama (Karna is sometimes referred to by this patronymic))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - descendant of Gotama, name of a sage, name of Karna

Patronymic from Gotama

Note: Subject of cakāra.

सज्यम् (sajyam) - strung (ready for use) (strung, with a string, attended by an assembly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sajya

sajya - strung (bow), with a string, attended by an assembly

Compound of sa (with) and jyā (bow-string)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+jyā)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• jyā – bowstring, mother earth
  noun (feminine)

Note: Predicative adjective for kārmukam.

तत् (tat) - that (event) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of abhavat.

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing (wonderful, amazing, miraculous)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, astonishing, miraculous, supernatural

Note: Predicative adjective for tat.

इव (iva) - seemed (as if) (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating comparison, often implying 'as if'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - it became (it became, it was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is tat.