महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-52, verse-13

अथास्य कवचं बाणैर्निशितैर्मर्मभेदिभिः ।
व्यधमन्न च पार्थोऽस्य शरीरमवपीडयत् ॥१३॥

13. athāsya kavacaṁ bāṇairniśitairmarmabhedibhiḥ ,
vyadhamanna ca pārtho'sya śarīramavapīḍayat.

13. atha asya kavacam bāṇaiḥ niśitaiḥ marmabhedibhiḥ
vyadhaman na ca pārthaḥ asya śarīram avapīḍayat

13. Then, his armor was pierced by sharp, vital-spot-piercing arrows. Yet, Arjuna (pārtha) was unable to inflict harm upon his body.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - thereupon (now, then, thereupon)

• अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Karna, the opponent) (his, its, of this)

• कवचम् (kavacam) - armor (armor, mail)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp (by sharpened, by keen)

• मर्मभेदिभिः (marmabhedibhiḥ) - by vital-spot-piercing

• व्यधमन् (vyadhaman) - was pierced (impersonal or plural agent) (they pierced, they struck)

• न (na) - not (not, nor)

• च (ca) - yet (and, also, moreover)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (pārtha) (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

• अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Karna, the opponent) (his, its, of this)

• शरीरम् (śarīram) - body (body, corporeal frame)

• अवपीडयत् (avapīḍayat) - he harmed (he oppressed, harmed, crushed)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - thereupon (now, then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Karna, the opponent) (his, its, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Also dative singular. Contextual meaning implies genitive.

कवचम् (kavacam) - armor (armor, mail)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kavaca

kavaca - armor, mail, breastplate, shield

Note: Can also be nominative singular. Here, it is the object of piercing.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow, reed

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp (by sharpened, by keen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, whetted, keen-edged

Past Passive Participle

From root śo (to sharpen) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Adjective agreeing with bāṇaiḥ.

मर्मभेदिभिः (marmabhedibhiḥ) - by vital-spot-piercing

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of marmabhedin

marmabhedin - piercing vital parts, heart-rending, cutting to the quick

Compound of marman (vital part) and bhedin (piercing, breaking)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (marman+bhedin)

• marman – a vital part of the body, vulnerable spot, secret
  noun (neuter)
• bhedin – piercing, breaking, causing disunion
  adjective
  Agent noun/adjective from root bhid
  Derived from root bhid (to break, pierce) with suffix -in
  Root: bhid (class 7)

व्यधमन् (vyadhaman) - was pierced (impersonal or plural agent) (they pierced, they struck)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vyadh

Prefix: vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: The implied subject 'they' could be the opposing warriors or the arrows themselves in a figurative sense.

न (na) - not (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following verb.

च (ca) - yet (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to connect the two clauses with a contrasting sense.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (pārtha) (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā + aṇ suffix

Note: A common epithet for Arjuna.

अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Karna, the opponent) (his, its, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Also dative singular. Contextual meaning implies genitive.

शरीरम् (śarīram) - body (body, corporeal frame)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, corporeal frame, material substance

Note: Object of avapīḍayat.

अवपीडयत् (avapīḍayat) - he harmed (he oppressed, harmed, crushed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of avapīḍ

Prefix: ava

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Subject is pārthaḥ.