महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-59, verse-8

सुप्तायां दमयन्त्यां तु नलो राजा विशां पते ।
शोकोन्मथितचित्तात्मा न स्म शेते यथा पुरा ॥८॥

8. suptāyāṁ damayantyāṁ tu nalo rājā viśāṁ pate ,
śokonmathitacittātmā na sma śete yathā purā.

8. suptāyām damayantyām tu nalaḥ rājā viśām pate
śokounmathitacittātmā na sma śete yathā purā

8. O lord of men, while Damayanti was asleep, King Nala, whose mind and spirit (ātman) were tormented by sorrow, did not sleep as he used to before.

8. אך בעוד דַמַיַנְטִי ישנה, הו אדון העמים, המלך נַלַה, שרוחו נסערה מצער, לא ישן כמו קודם.

Words meanings summery:

• सुप्तायाम् (suptāyām) - while (Damayanti) was asleep (while sleeping, in sleep, asleep)

• दमयन्त्याम् (damayantyām) - Damayanti

• तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)

• नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

• राजा (rājā) - king

• विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord (addressing the listener, Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O lord, O master)

• शोकोउन्मथितचित्तात्मा (śokounmathitacittātmā) - whose mind and spirit are agitated by sorrow

• न (na) - not, no

• स्म (sma) - together with present tense verb, indicates past tense (particle indicating past tense)

• शेते (śete) - sleeps

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the manner that

• पुरा (purā) - as before (formerly, previously, before)

Words meanings and morphology

सुप्तायाम् (suptāyām) - while (Damayanti) was asleep (while sleeping, in sleep, asleep)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of supta

supta - asleep, sleeping, unconscious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root svap (to sleep) with suffix kta.

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Used adverbially here.

दमयन्त्याम् (damayantyām) - Damayanti

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of damayantī

damayantī - Damayanti (a proper name)

तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (a king's name)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, inhabitants, subjects, household

पते (pate) - O lord (addressing the listener, Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, protector

Note: Typically, 'viśām pate' is a common address for a king or a powerful person, meaning 'lord of people'.

शोकोउन्मथितचित्तात्मा (śokounmathitacittātmā) - whose mind and spirit are agitated by sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokounmathitacittātman

śokounmathitacittātman - one whose mind and spirit are tormented by sorrow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+unmathita+citta+ātman)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, pain
  noun (masculine)
• unmathita – agitated, tormented, churned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root manth (to churn, agitate) with prefix ud and suffix kta.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: manth (class 9)
• citta – mind, thought, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound adjective describing Nala.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - together with present tense verb, indicates past tense (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

शेते (śete) - sleeps

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present tense

Derived from root śī.

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Used with 'sma' to indicate past action ('did not sleep').

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

पुरा (purā) - as before (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

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