महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-59, verse-8

सुप्तायां दमयन्त्यां तु नलो राजा विशां पते ।
शोकोन्मथितचित्तात्मा न स्म शेते यथा पुरा ॥८॥

8. suptāyāṁ damayantyāṁ tu nalo rājā viśāṁ pate ,
śokonmathitacittātmā na sma śete yathā purā.

8. suptāyām damayantyām tu nalaḥ rājā viśām pate
śokounmathitacittātmā na sma śete yathā purā

8. O lord of men, while Damayanti was asleep, King Nala, whose mind and spirit (ātman) were tormented by sorrow, did not sleep as he used to before.

Words meanings summery:

• सुप्तायाम् (suptāyām) - while (Damayanti) was asleep (while sleeping, in sleep, asleep)

• दमयन्त्याम् (damayantyām) - Damayanti

• तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)

• नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

• राजा (rājā) - king

• विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord (addressing the listener, Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O lord, O master)

• शोकोउन्मथितचित्तात्मा (śokounmathitacittātmā) - whose mind and spirit are agitated by sorrow

• न (na) - not, no

• स्म (sma) - together with present tense verb, indicates past tense (particle indicating past tense)

• शेते (śete) - sleeps

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the manner that

• पुरा (purā) - as before (formerly, previously, before)

Words meanings and morphology

सुप्तायाम् (suptāyām) - while (Damayanti) was asleep (while sleeping, in sleep, asleep)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of supta

supta - asleep, sleeping, unconscious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root svap (to sleep) with suffix kta.

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Used adverbially here.

दमयन्त्याम् (damayantyām) - Damayanti

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of damayantī

damayantī - Damayanti (a proper name)

तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (a king's name)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, inhabitants, subjects, household

पते (pate) - O lord (addressing the listener, Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, protector

Note: Typically, 'viśām pate' is a common address for a king or a powerful person, meaning 'lord of people'.

शोकोउन्मथितचित्तात्मा (śokounmathitacittātmā) - whose mind and spirit are agitated by sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokounmathitacittātman

śokounmathitacittātman - one whose mind and spirit are tormented by sorrow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+unmathita+citta+ātman)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, pain
  noun (masculine)
• unmathita – agitated, tormented, churned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root manth (to churn, agitate) with prefix ud and suffix kta.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: manth (class 9)
• citta – mind, thought, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound adjective describing Nala.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - together with present tense verb, indicates past tense (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

शेते (śete) - sleeps

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present tense

Derived from root śī.

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Used with 'sma' to indicate past action ('did not sleep').

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

पुरा (purā) - as before (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)