महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-59, verse-17

तेनार्धं वाससश्छित्त्वा निवस्य च परंतपः ।
सुप्तामुत्सृज्य वैदर्भीं प्राद्रवद्गतचेतनः ॥१७॥

17. tenārdhaṁ vāsasaśchittvā nivasya ca paraṁtapaḥ ,
suptāmutsṛjya vaidarbhīṁ prādravadgatacetanaḥ.

17. tena ardham vāsasaḥ chittvā nivasya ca paraṃtapaḥ
suptām utsṛjya vaidarbhīm prādravat gatacetanaḥ

17. With that (sword), Nala, the tormentor of foes, cut half of his garment, wore it, and abandoning the sleeping Vaidarbhī (Damayantī), he ran away, as if deprived of his senses.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - with that sword (by that, with that)

• अर्धम् (ardham) - half, part

• वाससः (vāsasaḥ) - of the garment, of the cloth

• छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut, cutting

• निवस्य (nivasya) - having put on, having worn

• च (ca) - and, also

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Nala, the tormentor of foes (tormentor of foes, subjugator of enemies)

• सुप्ताम् (suptām) - sleeping, asleep

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having left

• वैदर्भीम् (vaidarbhīm) - Damayantī (princess of Vidarbha) (Vaidarbhī)

• प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - he ran forth, he fled

• गतचेतनः (gatacetanaḥ) - deprived of consciousness, senseless, unconscious

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - with that sword (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sword (khaḍga) mentioned in the previous verse.

अर्धम् (ardham) - half, part

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ardha

ardha - half, part, side

Note: Object of 'chittvā'.

वाससः (vāsasaḥ) - of the garment, of the cloth

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vāsas

vāsas - garment, clothing, cloth

Derived from root 'vas' (to wear).

Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Possessive, modifying 'ardham'.

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut, cutting

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from root 'chid'.

Root: chid (class 7)

निवस्य (nivasya) - having put on, having worn

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -ya after prefix 'ni' and root 'vas' (to wear).

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Nala, the tormentor of foes (tormentor of foes, subjugator of enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subjugator of enemies (epithet)

Compound type : tatpurusha (param+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• tapa – burning, tormenting, asceticism (tapas)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'tap' (to burn, to torment).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject, Nala.

सुप्ताम् (suptām) - sleeping, asleep

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of supta

supta - sleeping, asleep, dormant

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'svap' (to sleep).

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'vaidarbhīm'.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -ya after prefix 'ut' and root 'sṛj'.

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

वैदर्भीम् (vaidarbhīm) - Damayantī (princess of Vidarbha) (Vaidarbhī)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vaidarbhī

vaidarbhī - princess of Vidarbha, Damayantī

Feminine patronymic from Vidarbha.

Note: Object of 'utsṛjya'.

प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - he ran forth, he fled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prādru

Derived from root 'dru' with 'pra' prefix.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

गतचेतनः (gatacetanaḥ) - deprived of consciousness, senseless, unconscious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatacetana

gatacetana - deprived of consciousness, senseless, unconscious, distraught

Bahuvrihi compound, 'one whose consciousness is gone'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+cetana)

• gata – gone, departed, lost
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'gam'.
  Root: gam (class 1)
• cetana – consciousness, sensation, soul, spirit
  noun (feminine)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Nala (implied subject of 'prādravat').