महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-59, verse-2

कथं समृद्धो गत्वाहं तव हर्षविवर्धनः ।
परिद्यूनो गमिष्यामि तव शोकविवर्धनः ॥२॥

2. kathaṁ samṛddho gatvāhaṁ tava harṣavivardhanaḥ ,
paridyūno gamiṣyāmi tava śokavivardhanaḥ.

2. katham samṛddhaḥ gatvā aham tava harṣavivardhanaḥ
paridyūnaḥ gamiṣyāmi tava śokavivardhanaḥ

2. How can I, having been prosperous, go there as one who enhances your joy? Instead, I will go greatly distressed, becoming one who increases your sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• समृद्धः (samṛddhaḥ) - once prosperous (prosperous, flourishing, successful)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

• अहम् (aham) - I (Nala) (I)

• तव (tava) - your (Damayantī's) (your, of you)

• हर्षविवर्धनः (harṣavivardhanaḥ) - increasing joy, enhancer of joy

• परिद्यूनः (paridyūnaḥ) - greatly distressed (due to loss of kingdom and separation) (greatly afflicted, very distressed, withered)

• गमिष्यामि (gamiṣyāmi) - I will go

• तव (tava) - your (Damayantī's) (your, of you)

• शोकविवर्धनः (śokavivardhanaḥ) - increasing sorrow, enhancer of sorrow

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

समृद्धः (samṛddhaḥ) - once prosperous (prosperous, flourishing, successful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samṛddha

samṛddha - prosperous, flourishing, abundant, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

From the root ṛdh (to prosper, to grow) with the prefix sam- (together, completely)

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Formed from the root gam (to go) with the suffix -tvā

Root: gam (class 1)

अहम् (aham) - I (Nala) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

तव (tava) - your (Damayantī's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

हर्षविवर्धनः (harṣavivardhanaḥ) - increasing joy, enhancer of joy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harṣavivardhana

harṣavivardhana - increasing joy, causing great delight

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (harṣa+vivardhana)

• harṣa – joy, delight, happiness, pleasure
  noun (masculine)
• vivardhana – increasing, augmenting, causing to grow
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/verb derivative
  From the root vṛdh (to grow, increase) with the prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'aham' (I).

परिद्यूनः (paridyūnaḥ) - greatly distressed (due to loss of kingdom and separation) (greatly afflicted, very distressed, withered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paridyūna

paridyūna - greatly afflicted, deeply distressed, wasted away, withered

Past Passive Participle

From the root dyū (to be sorry, grieve, waste away) with the prefix pari- (completely, excessively)

Prefix: pari

Root: dyū (class 1)

गमिष्यामि (gamiṣyāmi) - I will go

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

तव (tava) - your (Damayantī's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

शोकविवर्धनः (śokavivardhanaḥ) - increasing sorrow, enhancer of sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokavivardhana

śokavivardhana - increasing sorrow, causing great grief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+vivardhana)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• vivardhana – increasing, augmenting, causing to grow
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/verb derivative
  From the root vṛdh (to grow, increase) with the prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'aham' (I).