महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-59, verse-3

बृहदश्व उवाच ।
इति ब्रुवन्नलो राजा दमयन्तीं पुनः पुनः ।
सान्त्वयामास कल्याणीं वाससोऽर्धेन संवृताम् ॥३॥

3. bṛhadaśva uvāca ,
iti bruvannalo rājā damayantīṁ punaḥ punaḥ ,
sāntvayāmāsa kalyāṇīṁ vāsaso'rdhena saṁvṛtām.

3. bṛhadaśvaḥ uvāca iti bruvan nalaḥ rājā damayantīm punaḥ
punaḥ sāntvayāmāsa kalyāṇīm vāsasaḥ ardhena saṃvṛtām

3. Bṛhadaśva said: 'Speaking thus, King Nala repeatedly consoled the auspicious Damayantī, who was covered with half a garment.'

Words meanings summery:

• बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking, saying

• नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala of Niṣadha (Nala)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• दमयन्तीम् (damayantīm) - Damayantī (name of the princess)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• सान्त्वयामास (sāntvayāmāsa) - he consoled, he comforted

• कल्याणीम् (kalyāṇīm) - the auspicious/beautiful Damayantī (the auspicious one, the beautiful one, the virtuous one)

• वाससः (vāsasaḥ) - of the garment, of the clothing

• अर्धेन (ardhena) - with half of a single garment (torn in two) (with half, by means of half)

• संवृताम् (saṁvṛtām) - covered, clothed, wrapped

Words meanings and morphology

बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhadaśva

bṛhadaśva - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage, narrator of the Nala episode in the Mahābhārata)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bṛhat+aśva)

• bṛhat – great, large, vast, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense form of the root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking, saying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying, telling

Present Active Participle

Formed from the root brū (to speak) with the śatṛ suffix.

Root: brū (class 2)

नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala of Niṣadha (Nala)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a legendary king of Niṣadha, husband of Damayantī)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

दमयन्तीम् (damayantīm) - Damayantī (name of the princess)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of damayantī

damayantī - Damayantī (daughter of King Bhīma of Vidarbha, wife of Nala)

Note: Object of 'sāntvayāmāsa'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

सान्त्वयामास (sāntvayāmāsa) - he consoled, he comforted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of sāntvay

causative/denominative

Periphrastic perfect tense, formed with the root sāntv + causative suffix -ay + the auxiliary verb ās.

Root: sāntv (class 10)

कल्याणीम् (kalyāṇīm) - the auspicious/beautiful Damayantī (the auspicious one, the beautiful one, the virtuous one)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kalyāṇī

kalyāṇī - auspicious, beautiful, excellent, virtuous (feminine form of kalyāṇa)

Note: Qualifies 'damayantīm'.

वाससः (vāsasaḥ) - of the garment, of the clothing

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vāsas

vāsas - garment, clothing, apparel

Note: Governs 'ardhena'.

अर्धेन (ardhena) - with half of a single garment (torn in two) (with half, by means of half)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ardha

ardha - half, part, portion

संवृताम् (saṁvṛtām) - covered, clothed, wrapped

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - covered, clothed, veiled, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

From the root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with the prefix sam- (completely)

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'damayantīm'.