महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-59, verse-14

सोऽवस्त्रतामात्मनश्च तस्याश्चाप्येकवस्त्रताम् ।
चिन्तयित्वाध्यगाद्राजा वस्त्रार्धस्यावकर्तनम् ॥१४॥

14. so'vastratāmātmanaśca tasyāścāpyekavastratām ,
cintayitvādhyagādrājā vastrārdhasyāvakartanam.

14. saḥ avastratām ātmanaḥ ca tasyāḥ ca api ekavastratām
cintayitvā adhyagāt rājā vastrārdhasya avakartanam

14. Considering his own state of being without clothes and her state of having only a single garment, the king (Nala) decided upon cutting off half of her garment.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Referring to Nala. (he)

• अवस्त्रताम् (avastratām) - Nala's own state of being naked. (state of being without clothes, nakedness)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - Referring to Nala's own body/person. (of himself, of the self (ātman))

• च (ca) - and

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - Referring to Damayantī. (of her)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• एकवस्त्रताम् (ekavastratām) - Referring to Damayantī having only one garment. (state of having a single garment)

• चिन्तयित्वा (cintayitvā) - having considered, having thought, having reflected

• अध्यगात् (adhyagāt) - Nala decided. (he came to understand, he decided, he reached)

• राजा (rājā) - Referring to Nala. (the king)

• वस्त्रार्धस्य (vastrārdhasya) - of half of the garment

• अवकर्तनम् (avakartanam) - the cutting off, severing

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Referring to Nala. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अवस्त्रताम् (avastratām) - Nala's own state of being naked. (state of being without clothes, nakedness)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avastratā

avastratā - nakedness, state of being without clothes

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vastra+tā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vastra – garment, cloth, attire
  noun (neuter)
• tā – state of being, -ness
  suffix (feminine)
  Feminine suffix forming abstract nouns

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - Referring to Nala's own body/person. (of himself, of the self (ātman))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual self

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - Referring to Damayantī. (of her)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

एकवस्त्रताम् (ekavastratām) - Referring to Damayantī having only one garment. (state of having a single garment)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ekavastratā

ekavastratā - state of having a single garment

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (implied) + tā-pratyaya (eka+vastra+tā)

• eka – one, single, alone
  numeral (masculine)
• vastra – garment, cloth, attire
  noun (neuter)
• tā – state of being, -ness
  suffix (feminine)
  Feminine suffix forming abstract nouns

चिन्तयित्वा (cintayitvā) - having considered, having thought, having reflected

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root cit with causative suffix -āya and absolutive suffix -tvā

Root: cit (class 10)

अध्यगात् (adhyagāt) - Nala decided. (he came to understand, he decided, he reached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of adhi-gam

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - Referring to Nala. (the king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

वस्त्रार्धस्य (vastrārdhasya) - of half of the garment

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vastrārdha

vastrārdha - half of a garment

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vastra+ardha)

• vastra – garment, cloth, attire
  noun (neuter)
• ardha – half, part
  noun (neuter)

अवकर्तनम् (avakartanam) - the cutting off, severing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avakartana

avakartana - cutting off, severing, dividing

Noun from verbal root

Derived from ava-kṛt (to cut down/off)

Prefix: ava

Root: kṛt (class 6)