महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-59, verse-19

यां न वायुर्न चादित्यः पुरा पश्यति मे प्रियाम् ।
सेयमद्य सभामध्ये शेते भूमावनाथवत् ॥१९॥

19. yāṁ na vāyurna cādityaḥ purā paśyati me priyām ,
seyamadya sabhāmadhye śete bhūmāvanāthavat.

19. yām na vāyuḥ na ca ādityaḥ purā paśyati me priyām
sā iyam adya sabhāmadhye śete bhūmau anāthavat

19. My beloved (Damayantī), whom neither the wind nor the sun god formerly beheld, she now lies today on the ground in the middle of the assembly hall, like an orphan.

Words meanings summery:

• याम् (yām) - whom

• न (na) - not, nor

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind, wind god

• न (na) - not, nor

• च (ca) - and, also

• आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun, sun god

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in olden times

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, beholds

• मे (me) - my, to me

• प्रियाम् (priyām) - my beloved wife Damayantī (beloved, dear (wife))

• सा (sā) - she

• इयम् (iyam) - this (one)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• सभामध्ये (sabhāmadhye) - in the middle of the assembly hall

• शेते (śete) - she lies, she sleeps, she reclines

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like an orphan, like one without a protector, helplessly

Words meanings and morphology

याम् (yām) - whom

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun referring to Damayantī.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind, wind god

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, wind god, breath

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'paśyati'.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun, sun god

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, a god (son of Aditi), sun god

Derived from Aditi, denoting 'son of Aditi'.

Note: Subject of 'paśyati'.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in olden times

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, beholds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present tense form from root 'dṛś', using irregular stem 'paśya-'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The singular verb is used despite two subjects ('vāyuḥ' and 'ādityaḥ') due to the 'na...na ca...' construction.

मे (me) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Enclitic form of the first person pronoun.

Note: Possessive, modifying 'priyām'.

प्रियाम् (priyām) - my beloved wife Damayantī (beloved, dear (wife))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of priyā

priyā - beloved, dear (feminine of priya), wife

Feminine form of 'priya'.

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Object of 'paśyati'.

सा (sā) - she

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yām', referring to Damayantī.

इयम् (iyam) - this (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Emphasizes 'this very one', agreeing with 'sā'.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

सभामध्ये (sabhāmadhye) - in the middle of the assembly hall

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sabhāmadhya

sabhāmadhya - middle of an assembly, in the court, in the center of the hall

Compound type : tatpurusha (sabhā+madhya)

• sabhā – assembly, court
  noun (feminine)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)

Note: Locative case, indicating location.

शेते (śete) - she lies, she sleeps, she reclines

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Subject is Damayantī ('sā iyam').

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Locative case, indicating the surface on which she lies.

अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like an orphan, like one without a protector, helplessly

(indeclinable)

Formed with the suffix -vat, meaning 'like' or 'as', from the adjective 'anātha' (without a protector).

Note: Describes the manner in which she lies.