महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-292, verse-8

जानती चाप्यकर्तव्यं कन्याया गर्भधारणम् ।
पुत्रस्नेहेन राजेन्द्र करुणं पर्यदेवयत् ॥८॥

8. jānatī cāpyakartavyaṁ kanyāyā garbhadhāraṇam ,
putrasnehena rājendra karuṇaṁ paryadevayat.

8. jānatī ca api akartavyam kanyāyāḥ garbhadhāraṇam
putrasnehena rājendra karuṇam paryadevayat

8. And knowing that a maiden's conception was improper (akartavyam), O best of kings (rājendra), she lamented piteously out of affection for her son.

Words meanings summery:

• जानती (jānatī) - knowing (knowing, understanding, being aware (feminine))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - even, indeed (even, also, indeed)

• अकर्तव्यम् (akartavyam) - improper (improper, not to be done, forbidden, what ought not to be done)

• कन्यायाः (kanyāyāḥ) - of a maiden (of a maiden, by a maiden)

• गर्भधारणम् (garbhadhāraṇam) - conception/pregnancy (conception, pregnancy, holding of an embryo/fetus)

• पुत्रस्नेहेन (putrasnehena) - out of affection for her son (by affection for a son, due to son-love)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O best of kings (O king of kings, O best of kings)

• करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteously (piteously, mournfully, compassionately)

• पर्यदेवयत् (paryadevayat) - she lamented/wailed (she lamented, she wailed, she mourned)

Words meanings and morphology

जानती (jānatī) - knowing (knowing, understanding, being aware (feminine))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, understanding, intelligent

Present Active Participle

from root jñā- (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject, Rati.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, indeed (even, also, indeed)

(indeclinable)

अकर्तव्यम् (akartavyam) - improper (improper, not to be done, forbidden, what ought not to be done)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akartavya

akartavya - improper, not to be done, forbidden, unconstitutional

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle negated

negated form of kartavya (to be done), from root kṛ- (to do) with suffix -tavya + prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kartavya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kartavya – to be done, proper, duty
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  from root kṛ- (to do) with suffix -tavya
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Accusative because it is the object of "knowing" and describes garbhadhāraṇam.

कन्यायाः (kanyāyāḥ) - of a maiden (of a maiden, by a maiden)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kanyā

kanyā - maiden, girl, daughter, virgin

Note: Possessive, "a maiden's conception".

गर्भधारणम् (garbhadhāraṇam) - conception/pregnancy (conception, pregnancy, holding of an embryo/fetus)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of garbhadhāraṇa

garbhadhāraṇa - conception, pregnancy, holding a fetus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (garbha+dhāraṇa)

• garbha – fetus, embryo, womb, child
  noun (masculine)
• dhāraṇa – holding, bearing, supporting, retention
  noun (neuter)
  from root dhṛ- (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of jānatī.

पुत्रस्नेहेन (putrasnehena) - out of affection for her son (by affection for a son, due to son-love)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putrasneha

putrasneha - affection for a son, son-love

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+sneha)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• sneha – affection, love, tenderness, oil
  noun (masculine)
  Root: snih (class 4)

Note: Cause of lamentation.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O best of kings (O king of kings, O best of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, best of kings, king of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (a deity), chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to a king.

करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteously (piteously, mournfully, compassionately)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying paryadevayat.

पर्यदेवयत् (paryadevayat) - she lamented/wailed (she lamented, she wailed, she mourned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paryadev

Imperfect active 3rd singular

Prefixes: pari+a

Root: div (class 4)