महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-292, verse-13

पिता त्वां पातु सर्वत्र तपनस्तपतां वरः ।
येन दत्तोऽसि मे पुत्र दिव्येन विधिना किल ॥१३॥

13. pitā tvāṁ pātu sarvatra tapanastapatāṁ varaḥ ,
yena datto'si me putra divyena vidhinā kila.

13. pitā tvām pātu sarvatra tapanaḥ tapatām varaḥ
yena dattaḥ asi me putra divyena vidhinā kila

13. May your father, the Sun god (tapana), the foremost among the radiant ones, protect you everywhere. O son, you were indeed given to me by him through a divine method.

Words meanings summery:

• पिता (pitā) - father

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• पातु (pātu) - may protect

• सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere, in all places

• तपनः (tapanaḥ) - the Sun god (the sun; that which heats or makes warm)

• तपताम् (tapatām) - of the radiant ones (of those who are heating/shining/radiant)

• वरः (varaḥ) - foremost (best, choicest, excellent, chief)

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• दत्तः (dattaḥ) - given, granted

• असि (asi) - you are

• मे (me) - to me, my

• पुत्र (putra) - O son! (son)

• दिव्येन (divyena) - by divine, by heavenly

• विधिना (vidhinā) - by method, by rule, by means

• किल (kila) - indeed, surely, verily

Words meanings and morphology

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Gender is determined by context, here masculine (referring to the son).

पातु (pātu) - may protect

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of √pā

Imperative Mood

3rd person singular active imperative form of √pā (to protect).

Root: √pā (class 2)

सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere, in all places

(indeclinable)

तपनः (tapanaḥ) - the Sun god (the sun; that which heats or makes warm)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapana

tapana - the sun, heat, fire, heating

Root: √tap (class 1)

तपताम् (tapatām) - of the radiant ones (of those who are heating/shining/radiant)

(participle)

Genitive, plural of tapat

tapat - shining, burning, radiant, performing austerity

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √tap (to heat, shine, perform austerity).

Root: √tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with an implied plural noun like 'devas' (gods) or 'bhānus' (suns/luminous bodies).

वरः (varaḥ) - foremost (best, choicest, excellent, chief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing, best, choicest, groom

Note: Agrees with 'tapanaḥ' and qualifies him as the best among the radiant ones.

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers back to 'tapanaḥ' (the Sun god).

दत्तः (dattaḥ) - given, granted

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, presented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √dā (to give) with suffix -ta.

Root: √dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'you' (the son) in a passive construction.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of √as

Present Tense Conjugation

2nd person singular active present tense form of √as (to be).

Root: √as (class 2)

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Here functioning as dative of recipient: 'to me'.

पुत्र (putra) - O son! (son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

दिव्येन (divyena) - by divine, by heavenly

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly, supernatural

Note: Agrees with 'vidhinā'.

विधिना (vidhinā) - by method, by rule, by means

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, method, ordinance, destiny, fate

किल (kila) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)