महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-290, verse-21

सा तान्दृष्ट्वा व्रीडमानेव बाला सूर्यं देवी वचनं प्राह भीता ।
गच्छ त्वं वै गोपते स्वं विमानं कन्याभावाद्दुःख एषोपचारः ॥२१॥

21. sā tāndṛṣṭvā vrīḍamāneva bālā; sūryaṁ devī vacanaṁ prāha bhītā ,
gaccha tvaṁ vai gopate svaṁ vimānaṁ; kanyābhāvādduḥkha eṣopacāraḥ.

21. sā tān dṛṣṭvā vrīḍamānā iva bālā
sūryam devī vacanam prāha bhītā
gaccha tvam vai gopate svam vimānam
kanyābhāvāt duḥkhaḥ eṣaḥ upacāraḥ

21. Having seen them, the young girl (bālā), as if shy, and the goddess (devī), frightened, said these words to Sūrya: 'O Lord of the herd (gopate), please return to your celestial chariot (vimāna)! Due to my maidenly state, this kind of overture is distressing.'

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - Refers to the princess (she)

• तान् (tān) - Refers to the gods (tridaśān) seen in the previous verse (them, those)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• व्रीडमाना (vrīḍamānā) - Describing the young girl and goddess (feeling shy, embarrassed, ashamed)

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• बाला (bālā) - young girl, maiden

• सूर्यम् (sūryam) - to Sūrya, the sun-god

• देवी (devī) - goddess, divine lady

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• प्राह (prāha) - she said, she spoke

• भीता (bhītā) - Describing the young girl and goddess (frightened, scared)

• गच्छ (gaccha) - go, proceed

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• गोपते (gopate) - Used in address to Sūrya (the sun-god), implying 'Lord of rays' or 'Lord of light' (O Lord of the herd, O master of light)

• स्वम् (svam) - your own, his own

• विमानम् (vimānam) - celestial chariot, aircraft

• कन्याभावात् (kanyābhāvāt) - due to maidenhood, from the state of being a maiden

• दुःखः (duḥkhaḥ) - sorrow, distress, difficulty

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

• उपचारः (upacāraḥ) - Referring to Sūrya's 'approach' or 'attempt to engage' the maiden (attention, courtesy, overture, action)

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - Refers to the princess (she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

तान् (tān) - Refers to the gods (tridaśān) seen in the previous verse (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

व्रीडमाना (vrīḍamānā) - Describing the young girl and goddess (feeling shy, embarrassed, ashamed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vrīḍamāna

vrīḍamāna - feeling shy, embarrassed, ashamed

Present Middle Participle

From root vrīḍ (to be shy/ashamed), feminine nominative singular

Root: vrīḍ (class 1)

Note: Present Middle Participle

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

बाला (bālā) - young girl, maiden

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bālā

bālā - young girl, maiden, child

Note: Subject of the sentence, along with devī

सूर्यम् (sūryam) - to Sūrya, the sun-god

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun-god

Root: sū

Note: Object of 'prāha' (to whom she spoke)

देवी (devī) - goddess, divine lady

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, queen, divine woman

Root: div

Note: Subject of the sentence, along with bālā

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, command

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'prāha'

प्राह (prāha) - she said, she spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-vac

Perfect Indicative

3rd person singular, irregular perfect form of √vac with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

भीता (bhītā) - Describing the young girl and goddess (frightened, scared)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, scared

Past Passive Participle

From root bhī (to fear), feminine nominative singular

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Past Passive Participle

गच्छ (gaccha) - go, proceed

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of gam

Imperative

2nd person singular

Root: gam (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Subject of 'gaccha'

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

गोपते (gopate) - Used in address to Sūrya (the sun-god), implying 'Lord of rays' or 'Lord of light' (O Lord of the herd, O master of light)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of gopati

gopati - lord of cattle, protector of light/rays, lord, master

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+pati)

• go – cow, ray of light, earth
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, protector, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā

स्वम् (svam) - your own, his own

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, his own, her own, your own

विमानम् (vimānam) - celestial chariot, aircraft

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vimāna

vimāna - celestial car, aerial chariot, aircraft, palace

From root mā (to measure) with prefix vi-, meaning 'to measure out, traverse' or 'not measured'. More commonly 'celestial vehicle'

Prefix: vi

Root: mā (class 3)

कन्याभावात् (kanyābhāvāt) - due to maidenhood, from the state of being a maiden

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kanyābhāva

kanyābhāva - state of maidenhood, condition of being a girl

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kanyā+bhāva)

• kanyā – maiden, virgin, daughter
  noun (feminine)
• bhāva – state, condition, existence, nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause

दुःखः (duḥkhaḥ) - sorrow, distress, difficulty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery, difficulty

Note: Predicate nominative with implicit 'is'

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Subject of the implicit verb 'is'

उपचारः (upacāraḥ) - Referring to Sūrya's 'approach' or 'attempt to engage' the maiden (attention, courtesy, overture, action)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upacāra

upacāra - approach, courtesy, attention, service, overture, action

From root car (to move) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: car (class 1)