महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-290, verse-17

तस्य च ब्राह्मणस्याद्य योऽसौ मन्त्रमदात्तव ।
शीलवृत्तमविज्ञाय धास्यामि विनयं परम् ॥१७॥

17. tasya ca brāhmaṇasyādya yo'sau mantramadāttava ,
śīlavṛttamavijñāya dhāsyāmi vinayaṁ param.

17. tasya ca brāhmaṇasya adya yaḥ asau mantraṃ adāt
tava śīlavṛttam avijñāya dhāsyāmi vinayaṃ param

17. And today, I will inflict the highest punishment upon that Brahmin who, without knowing your character and conduct, gave you the sacred formula (mantra).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - for that (his, of that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of that Brahmin (teacher) (of the Brahmin, of the priest)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• असौ (asau) - that (one) (that (one yonder))

• मन्त्रं (mantraṁ) - sacred formula (mantra) (sacred formula, hymn, incantation, counsel)

• अदात् (adāt) - he gave (he gave, he granted)

• तव (tava) - to you (indirect object) (your, of you)

• शीलवृत्तम् (śīlavṛttam) - (your) character and conduct (character and conduct, good conduct)

• अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without knowing (your character and conduct) (without knowing, not knowing, having not known)

• धास्यामि (dhāsyāmi) - I will inflict (I will place, I will hold, I will inflict)

• विनयं (vinayaṁ) - punishment (discipline, punishment, modesty, training)

• परम् (param) - highest (supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - for that (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

demonstrative pronoun

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of that Brahmin (teacher) (of the Brahmin, of the priest)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a priest, belonging to Brahmā

Note: This genitive 'tasya ... brāhmaṇasya' denotes the recipient of punishment, implying a dative sense.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

relative pronoun

Note: Refers to the Brahmin.

असौ (asau) - that (one) (that (one yonder))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that yonder, that distant one

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Often used with yaḥ for emphasis.

मन्त्रं (mantraṁ) - sacred formula (mantra) (sacred formula, hymn, incantation, counsel)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mantra

mantra - sacred formula, hymn, incantation, counsel, plan

from root man 'to think'

Root: man (class 4)

अदात् (adāt) - he gave (he gave, he granted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of dā

aorist tense, 3rd person singular

root dā, 3rd conjugation, parasmaipada. aorist (luṅ) form

Root: dā (class 3)

तव (tava) - to you (indirect object) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

2nd person pronoun

Note: In this context, often used to mean dative "to you".

शीलवृत्तम् (śīlavṛttam) - (your) character and conduct (character and conduct, good conduct)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śīlavṛtta

śīlavṛtta - character and conduct, good behavior, moral conduct

dvandva compound of śīla and vṛtta, or karmadhāraya 'whose conduct is character'

Compound type : dvandva (śīla+vṛtta)

• śīla – character, nature, habit, good conduct
  noun (neuter)
• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, course, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from vṛt)
  root vṛt + kta
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of avijñāya.

अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without knowing (your character and conduct) (without knowing, not knowing, having not known)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

prefix a (negation) + vi + root jñā + suffix -ya

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vijñāya)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vijñāya – having known, having understood
  indeclinable
  absolutive (gerund)
  prefix vi + root jñā + suffix -ya
  Prefix: vi
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: The negation 'a' applies to the whole absolutive.

धास्यामि (dhāsyāmi) - I will inflict (I will place, I will hold, I will inflict)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future indicative (lṛṭ) of dhā

future tense, 1st person singular

root dhā, 3rd conjugation, parasmaipada. future stem dhāsya-

Root: dhā (class 3)

विनयं (vinayaṁ) - punishment (discipline, punishment, modesty, training)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vinaya

vinaya - discipline, punishment, modesty, training, education

prefix vi + root nī + suffix -a

Prefix: vi

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Object of dhāsyāmi.

परम् (param) - highest (supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, most distant

Note: Agrees with vinayaṃ.