महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-211, verse-29

आर्तो न जुहुयादग्निं त्रिरात्रं यस्तु ब्राह्मणः ।
इष्टिरष्टाकपालेन कार्या स्यादुत्तराग्नये ॥२९॥

29. ārto na juhuyādagniṁ trirātraṁ yastu brāhmaṇaḥ ,
iṣṭiraṣṭākapālena kāryā syāduttarāgnaye.

29. ārtaḥ na juhuyāt agnim trirātram yaḥ tu brāhmaṇaḥ
| iṣṭiḥ aṣṭākapālena kāryā syāt uttarāgnaye

29. If a Brahmin is afflicted, he should not offer oblations into the fire for three nights. Afterward, a sacrifice with eight potsherds should be performed for the subsequent fire.

Words meanings summery:

• आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - afflicted, distressed, suffering

• न (na) - not, no

• जुहुयात् (juhuyāt) - should offer, may offer, ought to offer

• अग्निम् (agnim) - fire, Agni (the fire deity)

• त्रिरात्रम् (trirātram) - for three nights, three nights

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, whoever

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, related to Brahma

• इष्टिः (iṣṭiḥ) - a Vedic sacrifice or oblation (sacrifice, offering, desire)

• अष्टाकपालेन (aṣṭākapālena) - by means of an oblation (e.g., puroḍāśa) prepared on eight potsherds (by means of eight potsherds)

• कार्या (kāryā) - should be done, ought to be performed

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be, would be

• उत्तराग्नये (uttarāgnaye) - for the fire that needs to be re-established or attended to after the affliction (for the subsequent fire, for the northern fire)

Words meanings and morphology

आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - afflicted, distressed, suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - afflicted, distressed, pained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √ṛ 'to go, move' with prefix 'ā' and suffix 'kta' (ta)

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जुहुयात् (juhuyāt) - should offer, may offer, ought to offer

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of hu

Optative mood, Parasmaipada

Root √hu, 3rd class (juhoti), Optative, 3rd person singular

Root: hu (class 3)

अग्निम् (agnim) - fire, Agni (the fire deity)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, the fire deity Agni

त्रिरात्रम् (trirātram) - for three nights, three nights

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of trirātra

trirātra - a period of three nights

Compound type : dvigu (tri+rātra)

• tri – three
  numeral
• rātra – night
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating duration.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Relative pronoun.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, related to Brahma

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

इष्टिः (iṣṭiḥ) - a Vedic sacrifice or oblation (sacrifice, offering, desire)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of iṣṭi

iṣṭi - a sacrifice, an offering, desire

From root √yaj 'to sacrifice', with kti suffix, related to 'iṣṭa'

Root: yaj (class 1)

अष्टाकपालेन (aṣṭākapālena) - by means of an oblation (e.g., puroḍāśa) prepared on eight potsherds (by means of eight potsherds)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aṣṭākapāla

aṣṭākapāla - consisting of eight potsherds, made with eight potsherds

Compound of 'aṣṭan' (eight) and 'kapāla' (potsherd)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aṣṭan+kapāla)

• aṣṭan – eight
  numeral
• kapāla – potsherd, skull, bowl
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies an implied masculine noun like 'puroḍāśena' (by a cake).

कार्या (kāryā) - should be done, ought to be performed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, to be performed, duty

Gerundive

From root √kṛ 'to do', with suffix '-ya' (ṇyat/ṇya).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `iṣṭiḥ`.

स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative mood, Parasmaipada

Root √as, 2nd class, Optative, 3rd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

उत्तराग्नये (uttarāgnaye) - for the fire that needs to be re-established or attended to after the affliction (for the subsequent fire, for the northern fire)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of uttarāgni

uttarāgni - subsequent fire, northern fire

Compound of 'uttara' (subsequent, northern) and 'agni' (fire)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (uttara+agni)

• uttara – later, subsequent, northern, superior
  adjective (masculine)
• agni – fire, the fire deity Agni
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the re-consecrated or subsequent sacred fire.