महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-211, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
गुरुभिर्नियमैर्युक्तो भरतो नाम पावकः ।
अग्निः पुष्टिमतिर्नाम तुष्टः पुष्टिं प्रयच्छति ।
भरत्येष प्रजाः सर्वास्ततो भरत उच्यते ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
gurubhirniyamairyukto bharato nāma pāvakaḥ ,
agniḥ puṣṭimatirnāma tuṣṭaḥ puṣṭiṁ prayacchati ,
bharatyeṣa prajāḥ sarvāstato bharata ucyate.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca | gurubhiḥ niyamaiḥ yuktaḥ
bharataḥ nāma pāvakaḥ | agniḥ puṣṭimatiḥ
nāma tuṣṭaḥ puṣṭim prayacchati | bharati
eṣaḥ prajāḥ sarvāḥ tataḥ bharataḥ ucyate

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: The fire named Bharata, who is endowed with significant observances, and the fire named Puṣṭimati, when propitiated, bestows nourishment. This one sustains all creatures; hence, he is called Bharata.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya (Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• गुरुभिः (gurubhiḥ) - by significant (by the great, by the heavy, by the revered)

• नियमैः (niyamaiḥ) - by observances (by rules, by vows, by observances, by restraints)

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with (joined, endowed with, possessed of, engaged in)

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (Bharata (a name), one who supports/sustains)

• नाम (nāma) - named (by name, called; indeed (indeclinable))

• पावकः (pāvakaḥ) - fire (purifier, fire)

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire (Agni) (fire, the fire god Agni)

• पुष्टिमतिः (puṣṭimatiḥ) - Puṣṭimati (name of a fire) (nourishment-minded, name of a fire)

• नाम (nāma) - named (by name, called; indeed (indeclinable))

• तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - when pleased (pleased, satisfied, contented)

• पुष्टिम् (puṣṭim) - nourishment (nourishment, prosperity, growth)

• प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - bestows (gives, bestows, offers)

• भरति (bharati) - sustains (bears, carries, sustains, supports)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (this, this one)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures (creatures, subjects, progeny)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all (all, every)

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore (from that, then, therefore)

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (Bharata (a name), one who supports/sustains)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called)

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya (Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - A celebrated sage; son of Mṛkaṇḍu.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense form

From root `vac` (to speak), perfect 3rd person singular active.

Root: vac (class 2)

गुरुभिः (gurubhiḥ) - by significant (by the great, by the heavy, by the revered)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guru

guru - heavy, weighty; great, important; respected, venerable; a teacher, spiritual preceptor.

Note: Agrees with `niyamaiḥ`.

नियमैः (niyamaiḥ) - by observances (by rules, by vows, by observances, by restraints)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niyama

niyama - rule, precept, ordinance; vow, religious observance; restraint, control.

From `ni` + `yam` (to restrain).

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with (joined, endowed with, possessed of, engaged in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united; endowed with, possessed of; engaged in, applied to; proper, fit.

Past Passive Participle

From root `yuj` (to join) with suffix `kta`.

Root: yuj (class 7)

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (Bharata (a name), one who supports/sustains)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - One who bears or sustains; a proper name (e.g., a son of Daśaratha, a son of Duṣyanta, a name of Agni).

From root `bhṛ` (to bear, sustain).

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

नाम (nāma) - named (by name, called; indeed (indeclinable))

(indeclinable)

पावकः (pāvakaḥ) - fire (purifier, fire)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - purifying, pure; fire, Agni; one who purifies.

From root `pū` (to purify).

Root: pū (class 1)

अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire (Agni) (fire, the fire god Agni)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire; the god of fire, Agni.

पुष्टिमतिः (puṣṭimatiḥ) - Puṣṭimati (name of a fire) (nourishment-minded, name of a fire)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṣṭimati

puṣṭimati - having nourishment, intent on nourishment, causing prosperity; a name of Agni.

Compound: `puṣṭi` (nourishment) + `mati` (intellect, mind).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puṣṭi+mati)

• puṣṭi – nourishment, growth, prosperity.
  noun (feminine)
  From root `puṣ` (to nourish).
  Root: puṣ (class 4)
• mati – mind, intellect, thought, intention.
  noun (feminine)
  From root `man` (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: The gender of the compound is masculine here, agreeing with Agni.

नाम (nāma) - named (by name, called; indeed (indeclinable))

(indeclinable)

तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - when pleased (pleased, satisfied, contented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tuṣṭa

tuṣṭa - pleased, satisfied, contented.

Past Passive Participle

From root `tuṣ` (to be pleased) with suffix `kta`.

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Functions adverbially here or as a predicate adjective.

पुष्टिम् (puṣṭim) - nourishment (nourishment, prosperity, growth)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of puṣṭi

puṣṭi - nourishment, growth, prosperity.

From root `puṣ` (to nourish).

Root: puṣ (class 4)

Note: Object of `prayacchati`.

प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - bestows (gives, bestows, offers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of prayaccha

present tense form

From `pra` + root `yam` (to give, control), 1st class.

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)

भरति (bharati) - sustains (bears, carries, sustains, supports)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhṛ

present tense form

From root `bhṛ` (to bear), 1st class.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one.

Demonstrative pronoun.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures (creatures, subjects, progeny)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, race; creatures, subjects.

From `pra` + root `jan` (to be born).

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of `bharati`.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire.

Pronoun/adjective.

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore (from that, then, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from `tad`.

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (Bharata (a name), one who supports/sustains)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - One who bears or sustains; a proper name (e.g., a son of Daśaratha, a son of Duṣyanta, a name of Agni).

From root `bhṛ` (to bear, sustain).

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

present tense form, passive voice

From root `vac` (to speak), present 3rd person singular passive. The root `vac` takes `uc` in passive forms.

Root: vac (class 2)