महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-199, verse-15

स्वकर्म त्यजतो ब्रह्मन्नधर्म इह दृश्यते ।
स्वकर्मनिरतो यस्तु स धर्म इति निश्चयः ॥१५॥

15. svakarma tyajato brahmannadharma iha dṛśyate ,
svakarmanirato yastu sa dharma iti niścayaḥ.

15. svakarma tyajataḥ brahman adharmaḥ iha dṛśyate
svakarmanirataḥ yaḥ tu saḥ dharmaḥ iti niścayaḥ

15. O Brahmin, one who abandons their own duty (karma) is observed to be acting against natural law (adharma) in this world. However, one who is dedicated to their own duty (karma) — that, it is certain, is in accordance with natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• स्वकर्म (svakarma) - one's own action, one's own duty

• त्यजतः (tyajataḥ) - of one abandoning, of one forsaking

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law (dharma)

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, is observed

• स्वकर्मनिरतः (svakarmanirataḥ) - devoted to one's own duty

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma), righteousness, duty

• इति (iti) - thus, in this way, (indicates direct quotation or conclusion)

• निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, firm decision

Words meanings and morphology

स्वकर्म (svakarma) - one's own action, one's own duty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svakarma

svakarma - one's own duty, one's own action

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+karma)

• sva – own, oneself
  pronoun
• karma – action, deed, duty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Acts as the object of the participle tyajataḥ.

त्यजतः (tyajataḥ) - of one abandoning, of one forsaking

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tyajat

tyajat - abandoning, forsaking

Present Active Participle

Derived from √tyaj (to abandon) + śatṛ suffix

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'one' (implied person).

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, a knower of Brahman

Note: Addressed directly.

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, non-observance of natural law

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of dṛśyate.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, is observed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Middle

Passive form of √dṛś, 3rd person singular, present tense

Root: dṛś (class 1)

स्वकर्मनिरतः (svakarmanirataḥ) - devoted to one's own duty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svakarmanirata

svakarmanirata - engaged in one's own duty, devoted to one's own work

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (svakarma+nirata)

• svakarma – one's own duty, one's own action
  noun (neuter)
• nirata – engaged, devoted, attached
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √ram (to delight, to stop) with upasarga nir-
  Prefix: nis
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies yaḥ.

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to yaḥ.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma), righteousness, duty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for saḥ.

इति (iti) - thus, in this way, (indicates direct quotation or conclusion)

(indeclinable)

निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, firm decision

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - certainty, conviction, firm decision

Derived from √ci (to gather, to perceive) with upasargas nis- and ā-

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: This is a certainty.