महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-122, verse-17

ततः स पृथिवीपालः साम्ना चोग्रेण च स्वयम् ।
पर्यपृच्छत्सुहृद्वर्गं प्रत्यजानन्न चैव ते ॥१७॥

17. tataḥ sa pṛthivīpālaḥ sāmnā cogreṇa ca svayam ,
paryapṛcchatsuhṛdvargaṁ pratyajānanna caiva te.

17. tataḥ sa pṛthivīpālaḥ sāmnā ca ugreṇa ca svayam
paryapṛcchat suhṛdvargam prati ajānan na ca eva te

17. Then, that king himself questioned his circle of friends using both gentle and severe methods. However, they, too, did not acknowledge anything.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• स (sa) - he, that

• पृथिवीपालः (pṛthivīpālaḥ) - king, protector of the earth

• साम्ना (sāmnā) - by conciliation, by gentle means

• च (ca) - and

• उग्रेण (ugreṇa) - by severe means, by fierce (methods)

• च (ca) - and

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally

• पर्यपृच्छत् (paryapṛcchat) - he questioned, he interrogated

• सुहृद्वर्गम् (suhṛdvargam) - circle of friends, group of well-wishers

• प्रति (prati) - against, towards, in return

• अजानन् (ajānan) - they recognized, they acknowledged (they knew, they understood)

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• ते (te) - they

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from tad.

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

Note: Subject.

पृथिवीपालः (pṛthivīpālaḥ) - king, protector of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīpāla

pṛthivīpāla - protector of the earth, king, sovereign

Compound of pṛthivī (earth) + pāla (protector).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pṛthivī+pāla)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'paryapṛcchat'.

साम्ना (sāmnā) - by conciliation, by gentle means

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sāman

sāman - conciliation, gentle means, song, Vedic chant

Stem 'sāman' (neuter).

Note: Adverbial.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

उग्रेण (ugreṇa) - by severe means, by fierce (methods)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, mighty, severe

Note: Adverbial, qualifying the manner of questioning.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally

(indeclinable)

Adverbial pronoun.

पर्यपृच्छत् (paryapṛcchat) - he questioned, he interrogated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pariprach

From prefix "pari-" and root "prach" (to ask).

Prefix: pari

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Subject is 'pṛthivīpālaḥ'.

सुहृद्वर्गम् (suhṛdvargam) - circle of friends, group of well-wishers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suhṛdvarga

suhṛdvarga - group of friends, circle of well-wishers

Compound of suhṛd (friend) + varga (group).

Compound type : tatpurusha (suhṛd+varga)

• suhṛd – friend, well-wisher
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of su (good) + hṛd (heart).
• varga – group, class, division, category
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'paryapṛcchat'.

प्रति (prati) - against, towards, in return

(indeclinable)

Preposition/prefix.

अजानन् (ajānan) - they recognized, they acknowledged (they knew, they understood)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of jñā

Imperfect 3rd person plural active, from root jñā. With prefix 'prati'.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject is 'te'. Used with 'na' for negation.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative plural.

Note: Subject of 'pratyajānan'.