महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-49, verse-24

अन्धेनेव युगं नद्धं विपर्यस्तं नराधिप ।
कनीयांसो विवर्धन्ते ज्येष्ठा हीयन्ति भारत ॥२४॥

24. andheneva yugaṁ naddhaṁ viparyastaṁ narādhipa ,
kanīyāṁso vivardhante jyeṣṭhā hīyanti bhārata.

24. andhena iva yugam naddham viparyastam narādhipa
kanīyāṃsaḥ vivardhante jyeṣṭhāḥ hīyanti bhārata

24. O King (narādhipa), it is as if a blind man has wrongly fastened the yoke; the younger ones prosper, while the elders decline, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• अन्धेन (andhena) - by a blind man (by a blind person, by the blind)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if, similar to)

• युगम् (yugam) - the yoke (yoke, pair, age, period of time)

• नद्धम् (naddham) - fastened (tied, bound, fastened, fixed)

• विपर्यस्तम् (viparyastam) - wrongly (fastened) (reversed, inverted, upset, disturbed, wrongly placed)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O King (addressed to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya, or vice-versa) (O king, O lord of men)

• कनीयांसः (kanīyāṁsaḥ) - the younger ones (the Pāṇḍavas) (the younger, the younger ones, younger brothers)

• विवर्धन्ते (vivardhante) - they prosper (they grow, they increase, they prosper)

• ज्येष्ठाः (jyeṣṭhāḥ) - the elders (the Kauravas) (the eldest, the oldest, the chief, the best)

• हीयन्ति (hīyanti) - they decline (they are deprived, they decline, they abandon, they are left)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressed to Sanjaya, a Kuru descendant) (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

अन्धेन (andhena) - by a blind man (by a blind person, by the blind)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of andha

andha - blind

Note: Agent of the action naddham.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if, similar to)

(indeclinable)

युगम् (yugam) - the yoke (yoke, pair, age, period of time)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuga

yuga - yoke, pair, age, era

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Object of implied verb (e.g., 'has been tied').

नद्धम् (naddham) - fastened (tied, bound, fastened, fixed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of naddha

naddha - tied, bound, fastened

Past Passive Participle

from root nah + kta suffix (with vocalic changes)

Root: nah (class 4)

Note: Past Passive Participle modifying yugam.

विपर्यस्तम् (viparyastam) - wrongly (fastened) (reversed, inverted, upset, disturbed, wrongly placed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viparyasta

viparyasta - inverted, reversed, upset

Past Passive Participle

from vi-pari-as + kta suffix

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Past Passive Participle modifying yugam.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O King (addressed to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya, or vice-versa) (O king, O lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men

nara + adhipa

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  adhi-pā
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya.

कनीयांसः (kanīyāṁsaḥ) - the younger ones (the Pāṇḍavas) (the younger, the younger ones, younger brothers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kanīyas

kanīyas - younger, smaller, junior

comparative of yuvan

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

विवर्धन्ते (vivardhante) - they prosper (they grow, they increase, they prosper)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present Tense

root vṛdh (class 1, middle voice)

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: The middle voice emphasizes the action for the subject.

ज्येष्ठाः (jyeṣṭhāḥ) - the elders (the Kauravas) (the eldest, the oldest, the chief, the best)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, chief, best

superlative of yuvan

Note: Refers to the Kauravas.

हीयन्ति (hīyanti) - they decline (they are deprived, they decline, they abandon, they are left)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of hī

Present Tense

root hā (class 3, but often hī stem in present)

Root: hā (class 3)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressed to Sanjaya, a Kuru descendant) (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

bharata + aṇ

Note: Addressed by Dhritarashtra to Sanjaya.