महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-49, verse-1

दुर्योधन उवाच ।
आर्यास्तु ये वै राजानः सत्यसंधा महाव्रताः ।
पर्याप्तविद्या वक्तारो वेदान्तावभृथाप्लुताः ॥१॥

1. duryodhana uvāca ,
āryāstu ye vai rājānaḥ satyasaṁdhā mahāvratāḥ ,
paryāptavidyā vaktāro vedāntāvabhṛthāplutāḥ.

1. duryodhanaḥ uvāca āryāḥ tu ye vai rājānaḥ satyasaṃdhāḥ
mahāvratāḥ paryāptavidyāḥ vaktāraḥ vedānta avabhṛtha āplutāḥ

1. Duryodhana said: But those kings who are noble, indeed truthful, observing great vows, possessing ample knowledge, eloquent speakers, and purified by the concluding ritual bath (avabhṛtha) of Vedāntic study —

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आर्याः (āryāḥ) - noble ones, respectable people

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• ये (ye) - who (relative pronoun)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• सत्यसंधाः (satyasaṁdhāḥ) - firm in truth, truthful, keeping promises

• महाव्रताः (mahāvratāḥ) - observing great vows, having great principles

• पर्याप्तविद्याः (paryāptavidyāḥ) - having sufficient knowledge, well-versed, learned

• वक्तारः (vaktāraḥ) - eloquent speakers, utterers

• वेदान्त (vedānta) - the end of the Veda, the Upanishads, Vedanta philosophy

• अवभृथ (avabhṛtha) - concluding ritual bath (concluding bath, final ablution)

• आप्लुताः (āplutāḥ) - purified (by bathing) (bathed, immersed, purified)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name), difficult to fight, unconquerable

Compound of 'dur' (bad, difficult) and 'yodhana' (fighter, fighting).

Prefix: dur

Root: yudh (class 4)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

Perfect tense form of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

आर्याः (āryāḥ) - noble ones, respectable people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, honorable, worthy

Note: Subject of the clause, alongside 'rājānaḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Expresses emphasis or contrast.

ये (ye) - who (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Connects to 'rājānaḥ'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Particle.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

N-stem word.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Head noun for the following adjectives.

सत्यसंधाः (satyasaṁdhāḥ) - firm in truth, truthful, keeping promises

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of satyasaṃdha

satyasaṁdha - firm in truth, keeping one's word, veracious

One whose pledge (saṃdha) is truth (satya).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (satya+saṃdha)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• saṃdha – pledge, vow, promise, compact
  noun (masculine)
  From sam + √dhā.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'rājānaḥ'.

महाव्रताः (mahāvratāḥ) - observing great vows, having great principles

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāvrata

mahāvrata - one who has great vows/principles

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (mahā+vrata)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'rājānaḥ'.

पर्याप्तविद्याः (paryāptavidyāḥ) - having sufficient knowledge, well-versed, learned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paryāptavidyā

paryāptavidyā - one who has acquired sufficient knowledge, learned

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (paryāpta+vidyā)

• paryāpta – sufficient, ample, complete, obtained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From pari + āp + kta suffix.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: āp (class 5)
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rājānaḥ'.

वक्तारः (vaktāraḥ) - eloquent speakers, utterers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaktṛ

vaktṛ - speaker, orator, utterer

Agent noun

From root vac + tṛc suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rājānaḥ'.

वेदान्त (vedānta) - the end of the Veda, the Upanishads, Vedanta philosophy

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vedānta

vedānta - the end of the Veda, Upanishads, Vedānta philosophy

Compound of 'Veda' and 'anta'.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (veda+anta)

• veda – knowledge, Veda (sacred texts)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• anta – end, limit, conclusion
  noun (masculine/neuter)

अवभृथ (avabhṛtha) - concluding ritual bath (concluding bath, final ablution)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avabhṛtha

avabhṛtha - concluding ceremonial bath, final ablution after a sacrifice

From ava + bhṛ + tha.

Prefix: ava

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

आप्लुताः (āplutāḥ) - purified (by bathing) (bathed, immersed, purified)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āpluta

āpluta - bathed, immersed, saturated, purified by bathing

Past Passive Participle

From ā + plu + kta suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājānaḥ'.