महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-34, verse-19

भीमसेनादयश्चैव पाण्डवाः कौरवर्षभम् ।
अभिवाद्योपसंगृह्य निषेदुः पार्थिवाज्ञया ॥१९॥

19. bhīmasenādayaścaiva pāṇḍavāḥ kauravarṣabham ,
abhivādyopasaṁgṛhya niṣeduḥ pārthivājñayā.

19. bhīmasenādayaḥ ca eva pāṇḍavāḥ kauravarṣabham
abhivādya upasaṅgṛhya niṣeduḥ pārthivājñayā

19. bhīmasenādayaḥ ca eva pāṇḍavāḥ kauravarṣabham
abhivādya upasaṅgṛhya pārthivājñayā niṣeduḥ

19. Bhimasena and the other Pāṇḍavas, having saluted and received permission from the chief of the Kurus, sat down according to the king's command.

Words meanings summery:

• भीमसेनादयः (bhīmasenādayaḥ) - Bhimasena and others

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - adds emphasis (indeed, only, certainly)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas (sons of Pandu)

• कौरवर्षभम् (kauravarṣabham) - referring to King Janamejaya (chief of the Kurus, best among Kurus)

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted, having bowed

• उपसङ्गृह्य (upasaṅgṛhya) - having received permission (to sit) (having approached respectfully, having received/obtained permission)

• निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - they sat down

• पार्थिवाज्ञया (pārthivājñayā) - by the king's command/permission

Words meanings and morphology

भीमसेनादयः (bhīmasenādayaḥ) - Bhimasena and others

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīmasenādi

bhīmasenādi - Bhimasena and others (lit. Bhimasena, etc.)

Compound of Bhīmasena (proper noun) and ādi (beginning, etc.).

Compound type : dvandva-like / tatpuruṣa (bhīmasena+ādi)

• bhīmasena – Bhimasena (name of a Pandava)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, et cetera, and others
  indeclinable

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - adds emphasis (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas (sons of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu (proper noun).

कौरवर्षभम् (kauravarṣabham) - referring to King Janamejaya (chief of the Kurus, best among Kurus)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kauravarṣabha

kauravarṣabha - chief of the Kurus, bull among Kurus

Tatpuruṣa compound: Kaurava (of the Kuru dynasty) + ṛṣabha (bull, best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaurava+ṛṣabha)

• kaurava – descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kuru dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
  Derived from Kuru (proper noun).
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted, having bowed

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root vad (to speak) with prefix abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

उपसङ्गृह्य (upasaṅgṛhya) - having received permission (to sit) (having approached respectfully, having received/obtained permission)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root grah (to seize, take) with prefixes upa and sam.

Prefixes: upa+sam

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: The meaning 'having obtained permission' is contextually appropriate here.

निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - they sat down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of niṣīd

perfect tense

Derived from root sad (to sit) with prefix ni, perfect form.

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

पार्थिवाज्ञया (pārthivājñayā) - by the king's command/permission

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of pārthivājñā

pārthivājñā - royal command, king's order

Tatpuruṣa compound: Pārthiva (king) + ājñā (command).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārthiva+ājñā)

• pārthiva – king, royal
  noun (masculine)
• ājñā – command, order, permission
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ā