महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-1, verse-7

सदा हि गत्वा ते वीराः पर्युपासन्त तं नृपम् ।
पादाभिवन्दनं कृत्वा धर्मराजमते स्थिताः ।
ते मूर्ध्नि समुपाघ्राताः सर्वकार्याणि चक्रिरे ॥७॥

7. sadā hi gatvā te vīrāḥ paryupāsanta taṁ nṛpam ,
pādābhivandanaṁ kṛtvā dharmarājamate sthitāḥ ,
te mūrdhni samupāghrātāḥ sarvakāryāṇi cakrire.

7. sadā hi gatvā te vīrāḥ paryupāsanta
tam nṛpam pādābhivandanam kṛtvā
dharmarājamate sthitāḥ te mūrdhni
samupāghrātāḥ sarvakāryāṇi cakrire

7. hi te vīrāḥ sadā gatvā tam nṛpam
paryupāsanta pādābhivandanam kṛtvā
dharmarājamate sthitāḥ te mūrdhni
samupāghrātāḥ sarvakāryāṇi cakrire

7. Indeed, those heroes always went and attended upon that king. Having bowed at his feet and abiding by the counsel of Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of righteousness (dharma), they, having been kissed on the head, conducted all their affairs.

Words meanings summery:

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• ते (te) - they

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones

• पर्युपासन्त (paryupāsanta) - they served, they attended upon, they worshipped

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king, ruler)

• पादाभिवन्दनम् (pādābhivandanam) - reverence at the feet, bowing to the feet

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

• धर्मराजमते (dharmarājamate) - in the counsel of Yudhiṣṭhira (in the opinion of the king of righteousness (dharma))

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - abiding, standing, situated

• ते (te) - they

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head

• समुपाघ्राताः (samupāghrātāḥ) - implies being blessed or shown affection by the king (smelled at, kissed on the head, blessed)

• सर्वकार्याणि (sarvakāryāṇi) - all affairs, all duties, all tasks

• चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they carried out/governed (they did, they performed)

Words meanings and morphology

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root gam (to go) + -tvā suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Forms an absolute construction.

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man

Note: Qualifies 'te'.

पर्युपासन्त (paryupāsanta) - they served, they attended upon, they worshipped

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of paryupās

Prefixes: pari+upa

Root: ās (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नृपम् (nṛpam) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

पादाभिवन्दनम् (pādābhivandanam) - reverence at the feet, bowing to the feet

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pādābhivandana

pādābhivandana - reverence at the feet, bowing to the feet

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāda+abhivandana)

• pāda – foot
  noun (masculine)
• abhivandana – salutation, reverence
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  From root vand (to salute) with abhi
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: vand (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root kṛ (to do) + -tvā suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Forms an absolute construction.

धर्मराजमते (dharmarājamate) - in the counsel of Yudhiṣṭhira (in the opinion of the king of righteousness (dharma))

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dharmarājamata

dharmarājamata - opinion of the king of dharma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja+mata)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• mata – opinion, view, counsel
  noun (neuter)
  From root man (to think, believe)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: `dharmarāja` here refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - abiding, standing, situated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, firm, abiding

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'te vīrāḥ'.

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top

समुपाघ्राताः (samupāghrātāḥ) - implies being blessed or shown affection by the king (smelled at, kissed on the head, blessed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samupāghrāta

samupāghrāta - smelled at, kissed, blessed

Past Passive Participle

From root ghrā (to smell) with upasargas sam and upa

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'te'.

सर्वकार्याणि (sarvakāryāṇi) - all affairs, all duties, all tasks

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarvakārya

sarvakārya - all affairs, all duties

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+kārya)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• kārya – what is to be done, duty, affair, task
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root kṛ (to do) + -ya suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they carried out/governed (they did, they performed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)