महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-1, verse-2

स हि राजा हतामात्यो हतपुत्रो निराश्रयः ।
कथमासीद्धतैश्वर्यो गान्धारी च यशस्विनी ॥२॥

2. sa hi rājā hatāmātyo hataputro nirāśrayaḥ ,
kathamāsīddhataiśvaryo gāndhārī ca yaśasvinī.

2. sa hi rājā hatāmātyaḥ hataputraḥ nirāśrayaḥ
katham āsīt hataiśvaryaḥ gāndhārī ca yaśasvinī

2. sa rājā hatāmātyaḥ hataputraḥ nirāśrayaḥ
hataiśvaryaḥ ca yaśasvinī gāndhārī hi katham āsīt

2. Indeed, how was that king Dhṛtarāṣṭra, whose ministers were killed, whose sons were killed, who was without support, and whose sovereignty was destroyed? And how was the renowned Gāndhārī?

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

• राजा (rājā) - king

• हतामात्यः (hatāmātyaḥ) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) whose ministers were killed (in the war) (whose ministers were killed, having killed ministers)

• हतपुत्रः (hataputraḥ) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) whose sons were killed (in the war) (whose sons were killed)

• निराश्रयः (nirāśrayaḥ) - without support, helpless, homeless

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• हतैश्वर्यः (hataiśvaryaḥ) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) whose royal power and prosperity were destroyed (whose prosperity/sovereignty was destroyed)

• गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gandhari

• च (ca) - and

• यशस्विनी (yaśasvinī) - the glorious Gāndhārī (renowned, famous, glorious)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative singular form of 'tad'.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

हतामात्यः (hatāmātyaḥ) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) whose ministers were killed (in the war) (whose ministers were killed, having killed ministers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hatāmātya

hatāmātya - one whose ministers are killed

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+amātya)

• hata – killed, slain, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• amātya – minister, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

हतपुत्रः (hataputraḥ) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) whose sons were killed (in the war) (whose sons were killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hataputra

hataputra - one whose sons are killed

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+putra)

• hata – killed, slain, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

निराश्रयः (nirāśrayaḥ) - without support, helpless, homeless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāśraya

nirāśraya - without support, helpless

Privative compound (Nañ-tatpuruṣa or Bahuvrīhi)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+āśraya)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
  Prefix/upasarga
• āśraya – support, refuge, dwelling
  noun (masculine)
  From root śri (to lean on, resort to) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense, third person singular

from root as (अस्), 2nd class, Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The verb refers to both Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Gāndhārī.

हतैश्वर्यः (hataiśvaryaḥ) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) whose royal power and prosperity were destroyed (whose prosperity/sovereignty was destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hataiśvarya

hataiśvarya - one whose wealth/sovereignty is destroyed

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+aiśvarya)

• hata – killed, slain, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• aiśvarya – sovereignty, power, prosperity, dominion
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from īśvara

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gandhari

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gāndhārī (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's wife)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

यशस्विनी (yaśasvinī) - the glorious Gāndhārī (renowned, famous, glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - famous, renowned, glorious

Possessive suffix -vin added to yaśas (fame)

Note: Feminine nominative singular, agreeing with Gāndhārī.