महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-1, verse-10

तथैव कुन्ती गान्धार्यां गुरुवृत्तिमवर्तत ।
विदुरः संजयश्चैव युयुत्सुश्चैव कौरवः ।
उपासते स्म तं वृद्धं हतपुत्रं जनाधिपम् ॥१०॥

10. tathaiva kuntī gāndhāryāṁ guruvṛttimavartata ,
viduraḥ saṁjayaścaiva yuyutsuścaiva kauravaḥ ,
upāsate sma taṁ vṛddhaṁ hataputraṁ janādhipam.

10. tathā eva kuntī gāndhāryām guruvṛttim
avartata viduraḥ sañjayaḥ ca eva
yuyutsuḥ ca eva kauravaḥ upāsate
sma tam vṛddham hataputram janādhipam

10. tathā eva kuntī gāndhāryām guruvṛttim
avartata viduraḥ sañjayaḥ ca eva
yuyutsuḥ kauravaḥ ca eva tam vṛddham
hataputram janādhipam upāsate sma

10. Just as before, Kunti observed the proper conduct (guruvṛtti) towards Gandhari. Vidura, Sanjaya, and also Yuyutsu, who was a Kaurava, served that elderly king whose sons had been slain.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - just as before, in the same manner (thus, so, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

• कुन्ती (kuntī) - Queen Kunti, mother of the Pandavas (Kunti)

• गान्धार्याम् (gāndhāryām) - to/towards Gandhari

• गुरुवृत्तिम् (guruvṛttim) - conduct appropriate for elders or teachers; respectful service

• अवर्तत (avartata) - behaved, conducted herself

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura, the wise half-brother of Dhritarashtra (Vidura)

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya, charioteer and advisor to Dhritarashtra (Sanjaya)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - emphasizing 'also' (indeed, just, only, exactly)

• युयुत्सुः (yuyutsuḥ) - Yuyutsu, the half-brother of the Kauravas, son of Dhritarashtra (Yuyutsu)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - emphasizing 'also' (indeed, just, only, exactly)

• कौरवः (kauravaḥ) - Yuyutsu, as a member of the Kuru dynasty (a descendant of Kuru; a Kaurava)

• उपासते (upāsate) - they attended to his needs and showed deference (they serve, attend upon)

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense

• तम् (tam) - that old king (him, that)

• वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - the elderly Dhritarashtra (old, aged; an old man)

• हतपुत्रम् (hataputram) - referring to Dhritarashtra, whose sons (Kauravas) were slain (whose sons are killed; having lost one's sons)

• जनाधिपम् (janādhipam) - King Dhritarashtra (lord of people, king)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - just as before, in the same manner (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

(indeclinable)

कुन्ती (kuntī) - Queen Kunti, mother of the Pandavas (Kunti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kuntī

kuntī - Kunti (name of a queen in the Mahabharata)

गान्धार्याम् (gāndhāryām) - to/towards Gandhari

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gandhari (name of a queen, wife of Dhritarashtra)

Note: Locative used here with a sense of 'towards' or 'in relation to'.

गुरुवृत्तिम् (guruvṛttim) - conduct appropriate for elders or teachers; respectful service

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of guruvṛtti

guruvṛtti - conduct towards elders or teachers; respectful service

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+vṛtti)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, elder; heavy, important
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtti – conduct, behaviour, mode of life, livelihood, function
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root vṛt (to turn, be, exist) + ktin suffix.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

अवर्तत (avartata) - behaved, conducted herself

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura, the wise half-brother of Dhritarashtra (Vidura)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise character in the Mahabharata)

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya, charioteer and advisor to Dhritarashtra (Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizing 'also' (indeed, just, only, exactly)

(indeclinable)

युयुत्सुः (yuyutsuḥ) - Yuyutsu, the half-brother of the Kauravas, son of Dhritarashtra (Yuyutsu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuyutsu

yuyutsu - Yuyutsu (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizing 'also' (indeed, just, only, exactly)

(indeclinable)

कौरवः (kauravaḥ) - Yuyutsu, as a member of the Kuru dynasty (a descendant of Kuru; a Kaurava)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru; a member of the Kaurava clan

Derived from Kuru with a patronymic suffix (aṇ).

उपासते (upāsate) - they attended to his needs and showed deference (they serve, attend upon)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of upa-ās

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Used with 'sma' to indicate past tense.

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that old king (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - the elderly Dhritarashtra (old, aged; an old man)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - grown, old, aged; an elder

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛdh (to grow) + kta suffix.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

हतपुत्रम् (hataputram) - referring to Dhritarashtra, whose sons (Kauravas) were slain (whose sons are killed; having lost one's sons)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hataputra

hataputra - one whose sons are killed, having lost sons

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+putra)

• hata – killed, slain, struck, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han (to strike, kill) + kta suffix.
  Root: han (class 2)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

जनाधिपम् (janādhipam) - King Dhritarashtra (lord of people, king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from adhi-pā (to protect, rule).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)