महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-72, verse-19

पाण्डवैः पृथिवीमश्वो निर्जितामस्त्रतेजसा ।
चचार स महाराज यथादेशं स सत्तम ॥१९॥

19. pāṇḍavaiḥ pṛthivīmaśvo nirjitāmastratejasā ,
cacāra sa mahārāja yathādeśaṁ sa sattama.

19. pāṇḍavaiḥ pṛthivīm aśvaḥ nirjitām astratejasā
cacāra saḥ mahārāja yathādeśam saḥ sattama

19. mahārāja sattama saḥ aśvaḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ
astratejasā nirjitām pṛthivīm yathādeśam cacāra

19. O great king (mahārāja), O best among men (sattama), that horse wandered the earth, which had been conquered by the Pāṇḍavas through the might of their weapons (astra), moving according to each region.

Words meanings summery:

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth, land

• अश्वः (aśvaḥ) - The sacrificial horse for the Aśvamedha (horse)

• निर्जिताम् (nirjitām) - conquered, vanquished

• अस्त्रतेजसा (astratejasā) - by the power of weapons

• चचार (cacāra) - it wandered, moved about

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the horse (aśvaḥ) (that (he))

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to King Janamejaya (O great king)

• यथादेशम् (yathādeśam) - according to the country/region, as per direction

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the horse (aśvaḥ), serving for emphasis or to introduce the next vocative. (that (he))

• सत्तम (sattama) - Addressed to King Janamejaya (O best of beings/men)

Words meanings and morphology

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Derivative of Pāṇḍu

Note: Agent of nirjitām (conquered)

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth, land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, land

Root: pṛth

Note: Object of cacāra

अश्वः (aśvaḥ) - The sacrificial horse for the Aśvamedha (horse)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśva

aśva - horse

Root: aś

Note: Subject of cacāra

निर्जिताम् (nirjitām) - conquered, vanquished

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nirjita

nirjita - conquered, overcome, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ji with prefix nir

Prefix: nir

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with pṛthivīm

अस्त्रतेजसा (astratejasā) - by the power of weapons

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of astratejas

astratejas - power of weapons, might of missiles

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (astra+tejas)

• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)
• tejas – splendor, power, might, energy
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tij

Note: Means by which the earth was conquered

चचार (cacāra) - it wandered, moved about

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of car

Perfect active

Third person singular, parasmaipada, perfect tense

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject is aśvaḥ

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the horse (aśvaḥ) (that (he))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with aśvaḥ

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to King Janamejaya (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, sovereign

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

यथादेशम् (yathādeśam) - according to the country/region, as per direction

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+deśa)

• yathā – as, according to, just as
  indeclinable
• deśa – place, country, region
  noun (masculine)
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Functions as an adverb

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the horse (aśvaḥ), serving for emphasis or to introduce the next vocative. (that (he))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with aśvaḥ

सत्तम (sattama) - Addressed to King Janamejaya (O best of beings/men)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sattama

sattama - best of beings, most excellent

Superlative

Superlative suffix -tama added to sat (good, existing)

Root: as (class 2)