महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-5, verse-18

कथं ह्यमर्त्यं ब्रह्मंस्त्वं याजयित्वा सुराधिपम् ।
याजयेर्मृत्युसंयुक्तं मरुत्तमविशङ्कया ॥१८॥

18. kathaṁ hyamartyaṁ brahmaṁstvaṁ yājayitvā surādhipam ,
yājayermṛtyusaṁyuktaṁ maruttamaviśaṅkayā.

18. katham hi amartyam brahman tvam yājayitvā surādhipam
yājayes mṛtyusaṃyuktam maruttam aviśaṅkayā

18. brahman,
hi katham tvam amartyam surādhipam yājayitvā,
mṛtyusaṃyuktam maruttam aviśaṅkayā yājayes?

18. O Brahmin, how can you, after officiating for me, the immortal lord of the gods, then without any hesitation officiate for Marutta, who is bound to mortality?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (emphatic particle)

• अमर्त्यम् (amartyam) - referring to Indra, the immortal lord of gods (immortal)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Bṛhaspati, the priest (O Brahmin)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• याजयित्वा (yājayitvā) - having officiated, having caused to perform a ritual

• सुराधिपम् (surādhipam) - referring to Indra (lord of gods, chief of deities)

• याजयेस् (yājayes) - you would officiate, you should officiate

• मृत्युसंयुक्तम् (mṛtyusaṁyuktam) - bound to mortality (connected with death, mortal)

• मरुत्तम् (maruttam) - Marutta

• अविशङ्कया (aviśaṅkayā) - without hesitation, without doubt

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

अमर्त्यम् (amartyam) - referring to Indra, the immortal lord of gods (immortal)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amartya

amartya - immortal, deathless

negation (a-) of martya (mortal)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+martya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• martya – mortal, human
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Bṛhaspati, the priest (O Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - priest, Brahmin, sacred word, the absolute (neuter)

Root: bṛh (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

याजयित्वा (yājayitvā) - having officiated, having caused to perform a ritual

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed from causative of root yaj (to sacrifice)

Root: yaj (class 1)

सुराधिपम् (surādhipam) - referring to Indra (lord of gods, chief of deities)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of surādhipa

surādhipa - lord of gods

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sura+adhipa)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

याजयेस् (yājayes) - you would officiate, you should officiate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of yaj

Optative, causative

causative stem yājay, optative mood

Root: yaj (class 1)

मृत्युसंयुक्तम् (mṛtyusaṁyuktam) - bound to mortality (connected with death, mortal)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyusaṃyukta

mṛtyusaṁyukta - joined with death, bound to mortality

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛtyu+saṃyukta)

• mṛtyu – death
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• saṃyukta – joined, connected, united
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  formed from root yuj with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yuj (class 7)

मरुत्तम् (maruttam) - Marutta

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of marutta

marutta - name of an ancient king

अविशङ्कया (aviśaṅkayā) - without hesitation, without doubt

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of aviśaṅkā

aviśaṅkā - absence of doubt, fearlessness, certainty

nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: a- (not) + viśaṅkā (doubt/fear)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+viśaṅkā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• viśaṅkā – doubt, fear, hesitation
  noun (feminine)
  derived from root śaṅk (to doubt/fear) with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śaṅk (class 1)