महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-4, verse-7

दानधर्मरताः सन्तः सततं प्रियवादिनः ।
तेषां ज्येष्ठः खनीनेत्रः स तान्सर्वानपीडयत् ॥७॥

7. dānadharmaratāḥ santaḥ satataṁ priyavādinaḥ ,
teṣāṁ jyeṣṭhaḥ khanīnetraḥ sa tānsarvānapīḍayat.

7. dānadharmaratāḥ santaḥ satataṃ priyavādinaḥ teṣām
jyeṣṭhaḥ khanīnetraḥ saḥ tān sarvān apīḍayat

7. teṣām dānadharmaratāḥ santaḥ satataṃ priyavādinaḥ
jyeṣṭhaḥ khanīnetraḥ saḥ tān sarvān apīḍayat

7. Virtuous people devoted to the practice of generosity (dāna dharma) and always speaking kindly – their elder, Khanīnetra, oppressed all of them.

Words meanings summery:

• दानधर्मरताः (dānadharmaratāḥ) - devoted to the practice of generosity, intent on the natural law of giving

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - virtuous people, good beings

• सततं (satataṁ) - always, constantly, perpetually

• प्रियवादिनः (priyavādinaḥ) - speaking kindly, pleasant-speaking

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - their, of them

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest, chief, greatest

• खनीनेत्रः (khanīnetraḥ) - Khanīnetra

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, everyone

• अपीडयत् (apīḍayat) - oppressed, tormented, afflicted

Words meanings and morphology

दानधर्मरताः (dānadharmaratāḥ) - devoted to the practice of generosity, intent on the natural law of giving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānadharmarata

dānadharmarata - devoted to the practice of generosity

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāna+dharma+rata)

• dāna – gift, giving, generosity
  noun (neuter)
  From root dA + LyuT
  Root: dA (class 3)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, practice
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rata – delighted, engaged, devoted to, intent on
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ram (to delight, be pleased)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'santaḥ'.

सन्तः (santaḥ) - virtuous people, good beings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sant

sant - good, virtuous, existing, being

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

सततं (satataṁ) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

From sa-tata (with stretched/continuous)

Prefix: sa

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Accusative singular neuter of the adjective, used adverbially.

प्रियवादिनः (priyavādinaḥ) - speaking kindly, pleasant-speaking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of priyavādin

priyavādin - pleasant-speaking, kind-speaking

Agent noun

Formed with suffix -in from 'priya-vad'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (priya+vādin)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• vādin – speaking, speaker
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root vad + ṇini
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'santaḥ'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - their, of them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the 'santaḥ'.

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest, chief, greatest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, greatest

Superlative degree of 'praśasya' (excellent) or 'vṛddha' (old).

Note: Qualifies Khanīnetra.

खनीनेत्रः (khanīnetraḥ) - Khanīnetra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khanīnetra

khanīnetra - Khanīnetra

Name of a king/person.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to Khanīnetra.

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Object of 'apīḍayat'. Refers to 'santaḥ'.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'tān'.

अपीडयत् (apīḍayat) - oppressed, tormented, afflicted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pīḍ

The 'a' prefix indicates past tense (augment).

Root: pīḍ (class 10)