महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-4, verse-13

स पीड्यमानो बहुभिः क्षीणकोशस्त्ववाहनः ।
आर्तिमार्छत्परां राजा सह भृत्यैः पुरेण च ॥१३॥

13. sa pīḍyamāno bahubhiḥ kṣīṇakośastvavāhanaḥ ,
ārtimārchatparāṁ rājā saha bhṛtyaiḥ pureṇa ca.

13. saḥ pīḍyamānaḥ bahubhiḥ kṣīṇakośaḥ tu avāhanaḥ
ārtim ārcchat parām rājā saha bhṛtyaiḥ pureṇa ca

13. Oppressed by many enemies, and with his treasury depleted and no military strength, that king, along with his servants and the entire city, experienced extreme distress.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that king (he; that (masculine singular))

• पीड्यमानः (pīḍyamānaḥ) - being oppressed; being tormented; being afflicted

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many enemies (by many)

• क्षीणकोशः (kṣīṇakośaḥ) - whose treasury was depleted; having a diminished treasury

• तु (tu) - but; indeed; on the other hand

• अवाहनः (avāhanaḥ) - without vehicles; without an army/military strength

• आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress; suffering; pain

• आर्च्छत् (ārcchat) - reached; experienced; obtained

• पराम् (parām) - supreme; extreme; great; highest

• राजा (rājā) - king; ruler

• सह (saha) - with; along with; together with

• भृत्यैः (bhṛtyaiḥ) - with servants; with dependents; with employees

• पुरेण (pureṇa) - with the city; with the capital

• च (ca) - and; also; moreover

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that king (he; that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that; he; she; it

पीड्यमानः (pīḍyamānaḥ) - being oppressed; being tormented; being afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍyamāna

pīḍyamāna - being tormented; being afflicted; being harassed

Present Passive Participle

From root pīḍ (to oppress) with śānac suffix

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many enemies (by many)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many; much; numerous

क्षीणकोशः (kṣīṇakośaḥ) - whose treasury was depleted; having a diminished treasury

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣīṇakośa

kṣīṇakośa - one whose treasury is exhausted/depleted

Compound of kṣīṇa (depleted) and kośa (treasury)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kṣīṇa+kośa)

• kṣīṇa – depleted; wasted; exhausted; diminished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṣi (to waste, perish)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)
• kośa – treasury; casket; sheath; dictionary
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but; indeed; on the other hand

(indeclinable)

अवाहनः (avāhanaḥ) - without vehicles; without an army/military strength

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avāhana

avāhana - without a vehicle; having no military strength

Compound formed with negative prefix 'a-' and 'vāhana' (vehicle/army)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+vāhana)

• a – not; un-; non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vāhana – vehicle; carriage; bearer; army (by extension)
  noun (neuter)
  From root vah (to carry)
  Root: vah (class 1)

आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress; suffering; pain

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārti

ārti - suffering; pain; distress; calamity

From root ṛ (to go) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

आर्च्छत् (ārcchat) - reached; experienced; obtained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ṛch

Root: ṛch (class 1)

पराम् (parām) - supreme; extreme; great; highest

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parā

parā - supreme; highest; excellent; extreme; ultimate

राजा (rājā) - king; ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king; ruler; sovereign

सह (saha) - with; along with; together with

(indeclinable)

भृत्यैः (bhṛtyaiḥ) - with servants; with dependents; with employees

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant; dependent; hired labourer; to be supported

Gerundive

From root bhṛ (to bear, support, maintain)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

पुरेण (pureṇa) - with the city; with the capital

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city; town; stronghold; capital

च (ca) - and; also; moreover

(indeclinable)