महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-4, verse-23

तस्य पुत्रोऽतिचक्राम पितरं गुणवत्तया ।
मरुत्तो नाम धर्मज्ञश्चक्रवर्ती महायशाः ॥२३॥

23. tasya putro'ticakrāma pitaraṁ guṇavattayā ,
marutto nāma dharmajñaścakravartī mahāyaśāḥ.

23. tasya putraḥ ati-cakrāma pitaram guṇavattayā
maruttaḥ nāma dharmajñaḥ cakravartī mahāyaśāḥ

23. tasya putraḥ maruttaḥ nāma dharmajñaḥ cakravartī
mahāyaśāḥ guṇavattayā pitaram ati-cakrāma

23. His son, named Marutta, surpassed his father in virtue. He was a knower of natural law (dharma), an emperor of great fame.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• अति-चक्राम (ati-cakrāma) - surpassed, excelled

• पितरम् (pitaram) - father

• गुणवत्तया (guṇavattayā) - by virtue of qualities, due to possessing qualities

• मरुत्तः (maruttaḥ) - King Marutta (Marutta)

• नाम (nāma) - by name, namely

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - righteous (dharma) (knower of natural law, righteous, virtuous)

• चक्रवर्ती (cakravartī) - emperor, universal monarch

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - of great fame, very famous, glorious

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the father.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

अति-चक्राम (ati-cakrāma) - surpassed, excelled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of kram

Root verb for `ati-cakrāma`.

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: The `ati` is a prefix (upasarga).

पितरम् (pitaram) - father

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Object of `ati-cakrāma`.

गुणवत्तया (guṇavattayā) - by virtue of qualities, due to possessing qualities

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of guṇavattā

guṇavattā - quality of having virtues/good qualities, virtuousness

Derived from `guṇavat` (possessing qualities) + suffix `tā` (abstract noun forming).

Note: Expresses the means or reason.

मरुत्तः (maruttaḥ) - King Marutta (Marutta)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of marutta

marutta - Name of a famous king

Note: Subject of the sentence.

नाम (nāma) - by name, namely

(indeclinable)

Used here as an adverbial particle.

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - righteous (dharma) (knower of natural law, righteous, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knowing `dharma`, righteous, just

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, virtue, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies Marutta.

चक्रवर्ती (cakravartī) - emperor, universal monarch

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cakravartin

cakravartin - universal monarch, emperor, one whose chariot wheels roll everywhere without hindrance

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (cakra+vartin)

• cakra – wheel, discus, realm, circle
  noun (neuter)
• vartin – turning, moving, existing, abiding
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root vṛt (to turn, exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Marutta.

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - of great fame, very famous, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - possessing great glory/fame

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• yaśas – fame, glory, reputation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Marutta.