महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-4, verse-15

यदा तु परमामार्तिं गतोऽसौ सपुरो नृपः ।
ततः प्रदध्मौ स करं प्रादुरासीत्ततो बलम् ॥१५॥

15. yadā tu paramāmārtiṁ gato'sau sapuro nṛpaḥ ,
tataḥ pradadhmau sa karaṁ prādurāsīttato balam.

15. yadā tu paramām ārtim gataḥ asau sa-puraḥ nṛpaḥ
tataḥ pradadhamau saḥ karam prādur āsīt tataḥ balam

15. yadā asau sa-puraḥ nṛpaḥ paramām ārtim gataḥ tu
tataḥ saḥ karam pradadhamau tataḥ balam prādur āsīt

15. When that king, along with his city, reached extreme distress, he then levied a tax (kara), and thereupon, power (balam) manifested.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• परमाम् (paramām) - extreme, highest, greatest

• आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress, suffering, pain, calamity

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached, attained

• असौ (asau) - that (one), he

• स-पुरः (sa-puraḥ) - with his city, accompanied by his city

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• प्रदधमौ (pradadhamau) - he proclaimed (a decree for a tax) (he blew, he sounded, he proclaimed)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

• करम् (karam) - a tax or tribute (decreed or levied by the king) (tax, tribute, an action/act)

• प्रादुर् (prādur) - manifest, evident, visible

• आसीत् (āsīt) - it was, it appeared, it manifested

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• बलम् (balam) - strength, power, force, army

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

परमाम् (paramām) - extreme, highest, greatest

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - highest, utmost, supreme, chief, excellent, extreme

आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress, suffering, pain, calamity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārti

ārti - distress, suffering, pain, calamity

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, past

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used here to mean 'having reached' or 'having gone into'.

असौ (asau) - that (one), he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one, yonder

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

स-पुरः (sa-puraḥ) - with his city, accompanied by his city

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sa-pura

sa-pura - with city, including city

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+pura)

• sa – with, accompanied by, together with
  indeclinable
• pura – city, town, stronghold
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the king, meaning 'the king with his city'.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound: nṛ (man) + pa (protector)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

प्रदधमौ (pradadhamau) - he proclaimed (a decree for a tax) (he blew, he sounded, he proclaimed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pradhmā

Prefix: pra

Root: dhmā (class 1)

Note: Form is dadhmu (perfect) for dhmā.

सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

करम् (karam) - a tax or tribute (decreed or levied by the king) (tax, tribute, an action/act)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kara

kara - tax, tribute, hand, action, ray of light

प्रादुर् (prādur) - manifest, evident, visible

(indeclinable)

Note: Sandhi form of prāduḥ.

आसीत् (āsīt) - it was, it appeared, it manifested

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used with prādur to mean 'manifested'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis or sequence.

बलम् (balam) - strength, power, force, army

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army, might

Note: Subject of prādur āsīt.