महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-50, verse-4

निहत्य मानं क्रोधं च प्रहर्षं शोकमेव च ।
वर्षाणि द्वादश मुनिर्जलवासे धृतव्रतः ॥४॥

4. nihatya mānaṁ krodhaṁ ca praharṣaṁ śokameva ca ,
varṣāṇi dvādaśa munirjalavāse dhṛtavrataḥ.

4. nihatya mānaṃ krodhaṃ ca praharṣaṃ śokam eva
ca varṣāṇi dvādaśa muniḥ jalavāse dhṛtavrataḥ

4. muniḥ mānaṃ krodhaṃ ca praharṣaṃ śokam eva ca
nihatya dhṛtavrataḥ dvādaśa varṣāṇi jalavāse

4. The sage (muni), having relinquished pride, anger, excessive joy, and sorrow, undertook a spiritual discipline (vrata) and dwelt in water for twelve years.

Words meanings summery:

• निहत्य (nihatya) - having relinquished/cast off (having killed, having destroyed, having suppressed, having relinquished)

• मानं (mānaṁ) - (egoistic) pride (pride, honor, respect, measure)

• क्रोधं (krodhaṁ) - anger (anger, wrath)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्रहर्षं (praharṣaṁ) - excessive joy (great joy, excessive delight)

• शोकं (śokaṁ) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

• एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - (for) years (years, rains)

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (muni) (Chyavana) (sage, ascetic, silent one)

• जलवासे (jalavāse) - in a water dwelling (in a water dwelling, in water residence)

• धृतव्रतः (dhṛtavrataḥ) - having undertaken a spiritual discipline (vrata) (one who has undertaken a vow, steadfast in vows)

Words meanings and morphology

निहत्य (nihatya) - having relinquished/cast off (having killed, having destroyed, having suppressed, having relinquished)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root han 'to strike, kill' with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

मानं (mānaṁ) - (egoistic) pride (pride, honor, respect, measure)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of māna

māna - pride, arrogance; honor, respect; measure, standard

From root man 'to think'.

Root: man (class 4)

क्रोधं (krodhaṁ) - anger (anger, wrath)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath, rage

From root krudh 'to be angry'.

Root: krudh (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

प्रहर्षं (praharṣaṁ) - excessive joy (great joy, excessive delight)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praharṣa

praharṣa - great joy, delight, exultation

From root hṛṣ 'to be glad' with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

शोकं (śokaṁ) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

From root śuc 'to grieve'.

Root: śuc (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - (for) years (years, rains)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - rain, rainy season; year

Note: Accusative of duration.

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral)

मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (muni) (Chyavana) (sage, ascetic, silent one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, hermit; one who is silent and thoughtful

Root: man (class 4)

जलवासे (jalavāse) - in a water dwelling (in a water dwelling, in water residence)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jalavāsa

jalavāsa - dwelling in water, residence in water

Compound of jala and vāsa.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+vāsa)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence
  noun (masculine)
  From root vas 'to dwell'.
  Root: vas (class 1)

धृतव्रतः (dhṛtavrataḥ) - having undertaken a spiritual discipline (vrata) (one who has undertaken a vow, steadfast in vows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtavrata

dhṛtavrata - one who has undertaken a vow, firm in his religious observances

Compound of dhṛta and vrata.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+vrata)

• dhṛta – held, borne, undertaken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ 'to hold'.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty, spiritual discipline, austerity
  noun (neuter)