महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-113, verse-7

सर्वेषामेव दानानामन्नं श्रेष्ठमुदाहृतम् ।
पूर्वमन्नं प्रदातव्यमृजुना धर्ममिच्छता ॥७॥

7. sarveṣāmeva dānānāmannaṁ śreṣṭhamudāhṛtam ,
pūrvamannaṁ pradātavyamṛjunā dharmamicchatā.

7. sarveṣām eva dānānām annam śreṣṭham udāhṛtam
pūrvam annam pradātavyam ṛjunā dharmam icchatā

7. sarveṣām dānānām eva annam śreṣṭham udāhṛtam
ṛjunā dharmam icchatā pūrvam annam pradātavyam

7. Food is declared to be the foremost among all donations. Therefore, an upright person desiring to uphold (natural law) (dharma) should offer food first.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all (donations) (of all)

• एव (eva) - foremost, indeed (indeed, certainly, only)

• दानानाम् (dānānām) - of donations (of gifts, of donations)

• अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, sustenance)

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - foremost (best, excellent, principal)

• उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - declared to be (declared, said, mentioned)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (first, before, formerly)

• अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, sustenance)

• प्रदातव्यम् (pradātavyam) - should offer (to be given, ought to be given)

• ऋजुना (ṛjunā) - by an upright person (by an honest one, by a straightforward one)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - (natural law) (dharma) ((natural law) (dharma), righteousness, duty)

• इच्छता (icchatā) - desiring to uphold (desiring, wishing, wanting)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all (donations) (of all)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Pronominal adjective.

Note: Here modifying dānānām.

एव (eva) - foremost, indeed (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

दानानाम् (dānānām) - of donations (of gifts, of donations)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, donation, charity

From root dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, sustenance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, rice, corn, meal, sustenance

Past Passive Participle

From root ad (to eat).

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Also accusative singular, but here nominative.

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - foremost (best, excellent, principal)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, superior, chief

Superlative degree of praśasya (praise-worthy).

Root: praśas

उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - declared to be (declared, said, mentioned)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udāhṛta

udāhṛta - spoken, declared, mentioned, cited

Past Passive Participle

From root hṛ with upasarga ud-ā.

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (first, before, formerly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - prior, former, first, earlier

Note: Functions adverbially.

अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, sustenance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, rice, corn, meal, sustenance

Past Passive Participle

From root ad (to eat).

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Object of pradātavyam.

प्रदातव्यम् (pradātavyam) - should offer (to be given, ought to be given)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pradātavya

pradātavya - to be given, what should be given

Gerundive (Kṛtya)

From root dā with upasarga pra- and suffix -tavya.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Expresses obligation, here meaning 'should be given'.

ऋजुना (ṛjunā) - by an upright person (by an honest one, by a straightforward one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ṛju

ṛju - straight, honest, upright, sincere

Note: Agent of pradātavyam (implicitly 'by whom it should be given').

धर्मम् (dharmam) - (natural law) (dharma) ((natural law) (dharma), righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religious merit

From root dhṛ (to hold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of icchatā.

इच्छता (icchatā) - desiring to uphold (desiring, wishing, wanting)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of icchat

icchat - desiring, wishing, wanting

Present Active Participle

From root iṣ (to wish, desire).

Root: iṣ (class 6)