महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-113, verse-18

औरसेन बलेनान्नमर्जयित्वाविहिंसकः ।
यः प्रयच्छति विप्रेभ्यो न स दुर्गाणि सेवते ॥१८॥

18. aurasena balenānnamarjayitvāvihiṁsakaḥ ,
yaḥ prayacchati viprebhyo na sa durgāṇi sevate.

18. aurasena balena annam arjayitvā avihimsakaḥ
yaḥ prayacchati viprebhyaḥ na sa durgāṇi sevate

18. yaḥ aurasena balena annam arjayitvā avihimsakaḥ viprebhyaḥ prayacchati,
sa durgāṇi na sevate.

18. A person who, having acquired food through their own legitimate effort and without resorting to violence, gives it to Brahmins, does not experience misfortunes.

Words meanings summery:

• औरसेन (aurasena) - by one's own legitimately earned effort (by legitimate, by one's own, by one's own strength/effort)

• बलेन (balena) - by effort (by strength, by effort, by power)

• अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, grain, sustenance)

• अर्जयित्वा (arjayitvā) - having acquired (having earned, having acquired)

• अविहिम्सकः (avihimsakaḥ) - without resorting to violence (non-violent, not harming, harmless)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to a person) (who, which)

• प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives (gives, offers, bestows)

• विप्रेभ्यः (viprebhyaḥ) - to Brahmins (to Brahmins, to wise people)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• स (sa) - he (referring to the person mentioned by 'yaḥ') (he, that)

• दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - misfortunes (difficulties, misfortunes, distresses, bad states)

• सेवते (sevate) - experiences, encounters (serves, attends, experiences, resorts to)

Words meanings and morphology

औरसेन (aurasena) - by one's own legitimately earned effort (by legitimate, by one's own, by one's own strength/effort)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aurasa

aurasa - legitimate, born of one's own body, natural, proper

From urasa (breast/chest) + aṇ (suffix for 'belonging to' or 'produced from'). Here, 'belonging to oneself', hence legitimate.

बलेन (balena) - by effort (by strength, by effort, by power)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, might, effort, force

Root: bal (class 1)

अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, grain, sustenance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, boiled rice, grain

Past Passive Participle

From root ad (to eat), with prefix a- and suffix -na.

Root: ad (class 2)

अर्जयित्वा (arjayitvā) - having acquired (having earned, having acquired)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix ktvā from causative stem arjay- of root ṛj (to go, move, acquire).

Root: ṛj (class 1)

अविहिम्सकः (avihimsakaḥ) - without resorting to violence (non-violent, not harming, harmless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avihimsaka

avihimsaka - non-violent, harmless, uninjuring

a (negation) + vihimsaka (injuring, violent).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vihimsaka)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• vihimsaka – injuring, violent, harming
  adjective (masculine)
  From vi- (intensive prefix) + root hiṃs (to injure) + suffix aka (agent).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hiṃs (class 7)

Note: Refers to the implied subject "yaḥ naraḥ".

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to a person) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Relative pronoun.

प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives (gives, offers, bestows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prayaccha

Present tense

From root dā (to give) with prefix pra-. The stem is yaccha.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

विप्रेभ्यः (viprebhyaḥ) - to Brahmins (to Brahmins, to wise people)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, priest, sage, inspired, learned

From root vip (to tremble, inspire) + ra suffix. Means 'inspired' or 'wise person', often applied to Brahmins.

Root: vip (class 1)

Note: viprebhyaḥ (for dative/ablative plural) is the correct form after sandhi undone.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

स (sa) - he (referring to the person mentioned by 'yaḥ') (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative/correlative pronoun.

दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - misfortunes (difficulties, misfortunes, distresses, bad states)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of durga

durga - difficult to pass, fortress, difficulty, misfortune, distress

From dur (difficult) + ga (going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+ga)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• ga – going, moving, that which goes
  noun (masculine)
  From root gam (to go) + ḍa suffix.
  Root: gam (class 1)

सेवते (sevate) - experiences, encounters (serves, attends, experiences, resorts to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sev

Present tense

Root sev (to serve). ātmanepada.

Root: sev (class 1)