महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-113, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अधर्मस्य गतिर्ब्रह्मन्कथिता मे त्वयानघ ।
धर्मस्य तु गतिं श्रोतुमिच्छामि वदतां वर ।
कृत्वा कर्माणि पापानि कथं यान्ति शुभां गतिम् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
adharmasya gatirbrahmankathitā me tvayānagha ,
dharmasya tu gatiṁ śrotumicchāmi vadatāṁ vara ,
kṛtvā karmāṇi pāpāni kathaṁ yānti śubhāṁ gatim.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | adharmasya gatiḥ
brahman kathitā me tvayā anagha | dharmasya
tu gatim śrotum icchāmi vadatām vara |
kṛtvā karmāṇi pāpāni katham yānti śubhām gatim

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca anagha brahman tvayā
me adharmasya gatiḥ kathitā tu vadatām
vara dharmasya gatim śrotum icchāmi pāpāni
karmāṇi kṛtvā katham śubhām gatim yānti

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O (brahman), O sinless one, you have recounted to me the outcome of unrighteousness (adharma). But I wish to hear the outcome of (dharma), O best of speakers. How do people who have committed sinful actions (karma) attain a propitious destination?'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अधर्मस्य (adharmasya) - of unrighteousness (adharma) (of unrighteousness, of (adharma))

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - outcome (course, movement, path, destination, outcome, state)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O (brahman) (addressed to Vyasa/Sūta) (O (brahman)!, O divine one! (vocative))

• कथिता (kathitā) - recounted (told, said, related, narrated)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, my, by me)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one!, O faultless one!

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of (dharma) (of (dharma), of righteousness, of duty)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• गतिम् (gatim) - outcome (course, destination, outcome, state)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, in order to hear)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire, I want)

• वदताम् (vadatām) - of speakers (of those speaking, of speakers (genitive plural))

• वर (vara) - O best! (O best!, O excellent one! (vocative))

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having committed (having done, having made, having performed)

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (karma) (actions, deeds, works (karma))

• पापानि (pāpāni) - sinful (evil, sinful, wicked (plural))

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• यान्ति (yānti) - they attain (they go, they attain, they move)

• शुभाम् (śubhām) - propitious (auspicious, good, beautiful, propitious (accusative singular feminine))

• गतिम् (gatim) - destination (destination, path, course, state)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (steadfast in battle), the eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound: yudhi (in battle, locative of yudh) + sthira (firm, steady).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective
  From root sthā- (to stand) + ira suffix.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

From root vac- (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

अधर्मस्य (adharmasya) - of unrighteousness (adharma) (of unrighteousness, of (adharma))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct, that which is contrary to (dharma)

Compound of `a` (privative prefix) + `dharma`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ- (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `gatiḥ`.

गतिः (gatiḥ) - outcome (course, movement, path, destination, outcome, state)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - course, movement, path, destination, outcome, state, manner

From root gam- (to go) + -ti suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O (brahman) (addressed to Vyasa/Sūta) (O (brahman)!, O divine one! (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - a brahmin, priest, the ultimate reality (brahman), sacred utterance (brahman)

Nom. sg. for masculine noun `brahman` (a brahmin) is `brahmā` or `brahman` (in vocative). For neuter `brahman` (ultimate reality) is `brahma`. Here it's vocative for a masculine noun.

Root: bṛh

कथिता (kathitā) - recounted (told, said, related, narrated)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kathita

kathita - told, said, related, narrated

Past Passive Participle

From root kath- (to tell, speak).

Root: kath (class 10)

मे (me) - to me (to me, my, by me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Enclitic form of the first person pronoun.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvad

tvad - you (singular)

Second person pronoun.

अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one!, O faultless one!

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, faultless, pure

Compound of `a` (privative prefix) + `agha` (sin, fault).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+agha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• agha – evil, sin, fault, distress
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used in vocative, addressing the speaker.

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of (dharma) (of (dharma), of righteousness, of duty)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, virtue, religious ordinance

From root dhṛ- (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `gatim`.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

गतिम् (gatim) - outcome (course, destination, outcome, state)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - course, movement, path, destination, outcome, state, manner

From root gam- (to go) + -ti suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, in order to hear)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root śru- (to hear) + -tum suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire, I want)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Active

From root iṣ-.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Subject is implied 'I' (Yudhiṣṭhira).

वदताम् (vadatām) - of speakers (of those speaking, of speakers (genitive plural))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, saying, talking

Present Active Participle

From root vad- (to speak) + -at (present participle suffix).

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Governed by `vara`.

वर (vara) - O best! (O best!, O excellent one! (vocative))

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon

Root: vṛ

Note: Address to the speaker (Vyāsa/Sūta).

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having committed (having done, having made, having performed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root kṛ- (to do, make) + -tvā suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Connects to `yānti`.

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (karma) (actions, deeds, works (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual action, destiny (karma)

From root kṛ- (to do, make) + -man suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पापानि (pāpāni) - sinful (evil, sinful, wicked (plural))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, sinful, bad, sin, vice

Note: Agrees with `karmāṇi`.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

Note: Modifies `yānti`.

यान्ति (yānti) - they attain (they go, they attain, they move)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present Active

From root yā-.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Subject is implied 'people' or 'those who'.

शुभाम् (śubhām) - propitious (auspicious, good, beautiful, propitious (accusative singular feminine))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śubhā

śubhā - auspicious, good, beautiful, propitious

Feminine form of `śubha`.

Root: śubh

Note: Agrees with `gatim`.

गतिम् (gatim) - destination (destination, path, course, state)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - course, movement, path, destination, outcome, state, manner

From root gam- (to go) + -ti suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)