महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-113, verse-2

बृहस्पतिरुवाच ।
कृत्वा पापानि कर्माणि अधर्मवशमागतः ।
मनसा विपरीतेन निरयं प्रतिपद्यते ॥२॥

2. bṛhaspatiruvāca ,
kṛtvā pāpāni karmāṇi adharmavaśamāgataḥ ,
manasā viparītena nirayaṁ pratipadyate.

2. bṛhaspatiḥ uvāca kṛtvā pāpāni karmāṇi adharmavaśam
āgataḥ manasā viparītena nirayam pratipadyate

2. Bṛhaspati said: One who, having committed sinful deeds and come under the influence of unrighteousness (adharma), with a perverted mind attains hell.

Words meanings summery:

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (a deity, preceptor of the gods)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

• पापानि (pāpāni) - sinful, wicked

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - deeds, actions

• अधर्मवशम् (adharmavaśam) - under the sway of unrighteousness

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - having come, arrived, fallen into

• मनसा (manasā) - by mind, with the mind

• विपरीतेन (viparītena) - by perverse, by contrary, by inverted

• निरयम् (nirayam) - to hell, to a miserable state

• प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - attains, experiences

Words meanings and morphology

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (a deity, preceptor of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Bṛhaspati, preceptor of the gods, lord of prayer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bṛhat+pati)

• bṛhat – great, large, vast, mighty
  adjective
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active third person singular

From √vac, perfect tense, parasmaipada.

Root: vac (class 2)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from √kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पापानि (pāpāni) - sinful, wicked

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pāpa

pāpa - sinful, evil; sin, evil deed

Note: Agrees with 'karmāṇi'.

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - deeds, actions

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, (karma)

Derived from √kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of the absolutive 'kṛtvā'.

अधर्मवशम् (adharmavaśam) - under the sway of unrighteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharmavaśa

adharmavaśa - the power/control of unrighteousness (adharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adharma+vaśa)

• adharma – unrighteousness, unconstitutionality, evil (adharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Negation of dharma by 'a-' prefix.
• vaśa – sway, control, power
  noun (masculine)

Note: Governed by 'āgataḥ'.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - having come, arrived, fallen into

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, obtained, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

From √gam (to go) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied agent (he/one who).

मनसा (manasā) - by mind, with the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Indicates the means or instrument.

विपरीतेन (viparītena) - by perverse, by contrary, by inverted

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of viparīta

viparīta - inverted, reversed, contrary, perverse, opposite

Past Passive Participle

From √ī (to go) with prefixes vi- and pari-.

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: ī (class 2)

निरयम् (nirayam) - to hell, to a miserable state

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niraya

niraya - hell, Hades, a miserable state, perdition

Note: Object of 'pratipadyate'.

प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - attains, experiences

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pad

Present middle third person singular

From √pad, with prefix prati-, present tense, ātmanepada.

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)