महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-317, verse-9

मृतं वा यदि वा नष्टं योऽतीतमनुशोचति ।
दुःखेन लभते दुःखं द्वावनर्थौ प्रपद्यते ॥९॥

9. mṛtaṁ vā yadi vā naṣṭaṁ yo'tītamanuśocati ,
duḥkhena labhate duḥkhaṁ dvāvanarthau prapadyate.

9. mṛtam vā yadi vā naṣṭam yaḥ atītam anuśocati
duḥkhena labhate duḥkham dvau anarthau prapadyate

9. yaḥ mṛtam vā yadi vā naṣṭam atītam anuśocati,
(saḥ) duḥkhena duḥkham labhate (ca) dvau anarthau prapadyate

9. Whoever grieves over what is past, be it dead or lost, gains further sorrow (duḥkha) through that very grief and thus incurs two misfortunes.

Words meanings summery:

• मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead, deceased; past

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• यदि (yadi) - if

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• नष्टम् (naṣṭam) - lost, destroyed, ruined

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

• अतीतम् (atītam) - past, gone by

• अनुशोचति (anuśocati) - grieves over, laments

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with suffering, through grief

• लभते (labhate) - obtains, gets, receives

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

• द्वौ (dvau) - two

• अनर्थौ (anarthau) - two misfortunes, two evils

• प्रपद्यते (prapadyate) - attains, experiences, reaches

Words meanings and morphology

मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead, deceased; past

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, passed away

Past Passive Participle

Root: mṛ (class 6)

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

नष्टम् (naṣṭam) - lost, destroyed, ruined

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, ruined

Past Passive Participle

Root: naś (class 4)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

अतीतम् (atītam) - past, gone by

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of atīta

atīta - past, gone, elapsed

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

अनुशोचति (anuśocati) - grieves over, laments

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of anuśoc

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with suffering, through grief

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, misery, pain

लभते (labhate) - obtains, gets, receives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of labh

Root: labh (class 1)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, misery, pain

द्वौ (dvau) - two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dvi

dvi - two

अनर्थौ (anarthau) - two misfortunes, two evils

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of anartha

anartha - misfortune, evil, calamity, uselessness

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+artha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object, advantage
  noun (masculine)

प्रपद्यते (prapadyate) - attains, experiences, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of prapad

Prefix: pra

Root: pad (class 4)