महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-317, verse-15

न जानपदिकं दुःखमेकः शोचितुमर्हति ।
अशोचन्प्रतिकुर्वीत यदि पश्येदुपक्रमम् ॥१५॥

15. na jānapadikaṁ duḥkhamekaḥ śocitumarhati ,
aśocanpratikurvīta yadi paśyedupakramam.

15. na jānapadam duḥkham ekaḥ śocitum arhati
aśocan pratikurvīta yadi paśyet upakramam

15. ekaḥ jānapadam duḥkham śocitum na arhati
aśocan yadi upakramam paśyet pratikurvīta

15. An individual should not mourn alone over widespread (public) suffering (duḥkha). Instead, without lamenting, one should seek to remedy it if a viable solution is perceived.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• जानपदम् (jānapadam) - Widespread, affecting the populace. (public, regional, pertaining to a country or people)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery

• एकः (ekaḥ) - An individual acting alone. (one, alone, a single person)

• शोचितुम् (śocitum) - to mourn, to lament, to grieve

• अर्हति (arhati) - One should not (mourn). (is able, deserves, ought, should)

• अशोचन् (aśocan) - not mourning, not lamenting

• प्रतिकुर्वीत (pratikurvīta) - one should counteract, one should remedy, one should oppose

• यदि (yadi) - if

• पश्येत् (paśyet) - one should see, one should perceive

• उपक्रमम् (upakramam) - A solution or method to remedy the suffering. (means, remedy, method, beginning)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates arhati.

जानपदम् (jānapadam) - Widespread, affecting the populace. (public, regional, pertaining to a country or people)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jānapada

jānapada - belonging to a country, public, regional, national

From janapada (country, people) + -a (adjectival suffix)

Note: Qualifies duḥkham.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

Note: Object of śocitum.

एकः (ekaḥ) - An individual acting alone. (one, alone, a single person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

Note: Subject of arhati.

शोचितुम् (śocitum) - to mourn, to lament, to grieve

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of śoc

Infinitive

From √śuc (to grieve, to burn)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Governed by arhati.

अर्हति (arhati) - One should not (mourn). (is able, deserves, ought, should)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Indicative, Active Voice

Root: arh (class 1)

अशोचन् (aśocan) - not mourning, not lamenting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśocat

aśocat - not mourning, without grief

Present Active Participle (negative)

From a (negation) + √śuc (to grieve)

Prefix: a

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of pratikurvīta.

प्रतिकुर्वीत (pratikurvīta) - one should counteract, one should remedy, one should oppose

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of pratikṛ

Optative Mood, Middle Voice

Prefix: prati

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is implied (one).

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

पश्येत् (paśyet) - one should see, one should perceive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of paś

Optative Mood, Active Voice

From √dṛś (to see), present stem paśya

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject implied (one).

उपक्रमम् (upakramam) - A solution or method to remedy the suffering. (means, remedy, method, beginning)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upakrama

upakrama - beginning, undertaking, means, remedy, effort

From upa + √kram (to step, to undertake)

Prefix: upa

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Object of paśyet.