महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-317, verse-3

तस्मादनिष्टनाशार्थमितिहासं निबोध मे ।
तिष्ठते चेद्वशे बुद्धिर्लभते शोकनाशनम् ॥३॥

3. tasmādaniṣṭanāśārthamitihāsaṁ nibodha me ,
tiṣṭhate cedvaśe buddhirlabhate śokanāśanam.

3. tasmāt aniṣṭa-nāśa-artham itihāsam nibodha me
tiṣṭhate cet vaśe buddhiḥ labhate śoka-nāśanam

3. tasmāt aniṣṭa-nāśa-artham me itihāsam nibodha
cet buddhiḥ vaśe tiṣṭhate śoka-nāśanam labhate

3. Therefore, for the purpose of destroying all undesirable things, learn this narrative (itihāsa) from me. If one's intellect (buddhi) remains under control, one achieves the destruction of sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• अनिष्ट-नाश-अर्थम् (aniṣṭa-nāśa-artham) - for the purpose of destroying undesirable things

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - narrative, history, epic

• निबोध (nibodha) - know, understand, learn

• मे (me) - from me (as in, "from me, hear/learn") (from me, to me, my)

• तिष्ठते (tiṣṭhate) - stands, remains, stays

• चेत् (cet) - if

• वशे (vaśe) - in control, under command, under influence

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - one's intellect (intellect, understanding, wisdom)

• लभते (labhate) - obtains, gains

• शोक-नाशनम् (śoka-nāśanam) - destruction of sorrow, sorrow-destroyer

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative used adverbially.

अनिष्ट-नाश-अर्थम् (aniṣṭa-nāśa-artham) - for the purpose of destroying undesirable things

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aniṣṭa-nāśa-artha

aniṣṭa-nāśa-artha - for the purpose of destroying undesirable things

Compound type : tatpurusha (aniṣṭa+nāśa+artha)

• aniṣṭa – undesirable, unpleasant, evil
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Negative prefix 'an-' + 'iṣṭa' (desired, from root 'iṣ').
  Root: iṣ (class 6)
• nāśa – destruction, ruin, loss
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'naś' (to perish).
  Root: naś (class 4)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative expressing purpose.

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - narrative, history, epic

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, tradition, narrative, epic

'iti ha āsa' - 'thus, indeed, it was'.

Note: Object of 'nibodha'.

निबोध (nibodha) - know, understand, learn

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of budh

Imperative Active

Root 'budh' (to know) with prefix 'ni-'. Imperative 2nd person singular active.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - from me (as in, "from me, hear/learn") (from me, to me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Used as an indirect object or source for learning.

तिष्ठते (tiṣṭhate) - stands, remains, stays

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sthā

Present Middle

Root 'sthā' (to stand), present 3rd person singular middle.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used in a conditional clause.

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

वशे (vaśe) - in control, under command, under influence

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - control, power, influence

Note: Indicates state of being in control.

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - one's intellect (intellect, understanding, wisdom)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, wisdom, perception

From root 'budh' (to know, understand).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'tiṣṭhate'.

लभते (labhate) - obtains, gains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Present Middle

Root 'labh' (to obtain), present 3rd person singular middle.

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the consequence clause.

शोक-नाशनम् (śoka-nāśanam) - destruction of sorrow, sorrow-destroyer

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śoka-nāśana

śoka-nāśana - destruction of sorrow, dispelling of grief

Compound type : tatpurusha (śoka+nāśana)

• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
• nāśana – destroying, destruction
  noun (neuter)
  Agent Noun / Verbal Noun
  From root 'naś' (to perish, destroy).
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Object of 'labhate'.