महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-317, verse-13

प्रज्ञया मानसं दुःखं हन्याच्छारीरमौषधैः ।
एतद्विज्ञानसामर्थ्यं न बालैः समतामियात् ॥१३॥

13. prajñayā mānasaṁ duḥkhaṁ hanyācchārīramauṣadhaiḥ ,
etadvijñānasāmarthyaṁ na bālaiḥ samatāmiyāt.

13. prajñayā mānasam duḥkham hanyāt śārīrikam auṣadhaiḥ
etat vijñānasāmarthyam na bālaiḥ samatām iyāt

13. prajñayā mānasam duḥkham hanyāt auṣadhaiḥ śārīrikam
etat vijñānasāmarthyam bālaiḥ samatām na iyāt

13. One should overcome mental suffering through wisdom, and physical suffering through medicines. This capacity for true understanding is not found among the ignorant (bāla).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - by wisdom, by insight

• मानसम् (mānasam) - mental, belonging to the mind

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - one should destroy, one should kill, one should overcome

• शारीरिकम् (śārīrikam) - physical, bodily

• औषधैः (auṣadhaiḥ) - by medicines, by herbs

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the power of discernment (vijñānasāmarthyam). (this, this (power/capacity))

• विज्ञानसामर्थ्यम् (vijñānasāmarthyam) - The ability to differentiate between mental and physical suffering and their respective remedies. (power of knowledge, capacity of discernment, strength of wisdom)

• न (na) - not, no

• बालैः (bālaiḥ) - With those who lack wisdom or discernment, hence 'ignorant'. (by children, with ignorant ones, with fools)

• समताम् (samatām) - equality, similarity, same level

• इयात् (iyāt) - One should attain equality. (one should go, one should reach, one should attain)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - by wisdom, by insight

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prajñā

prajñā - wisdom, insight, intelligence, discernment

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

मानसम् (mānasam) - mental, belonging to the mind

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mānasa

mānasa - mental, spiritual, belonging to the mind

From manas (mind) + -a (adjectival suffix)

Root: man

Note: Adjective agreeing with duḥkham.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

Note: Object of hanyāt.

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - one should destroy, one should kill, one should overcome

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of han

Optative Mood, Active Voice

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Null subject implied (one).

शारीरिकम् (śārīrikam) - physical, bodily

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śārīrika

śārīrika - physical, bodily, relating to the body

From śarīra (body) + -ika (adjectival suffix)

Note: Adjective agreeing with implied "duḥkham".

औषधैः (auṣadhaiḥ) - by medicines, by herbs

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of auṣadha

auṣadha - medicine, drug, herb

Note: Means by which physical suffering is destroyed.

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the power of discernment (vijñānasāmarthyam). (this, this (power/capacity))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

विज्ञानसामर्थ्यम् (vijñānasāmarthyam) - The ability to differentiate between mental and physical suffering and their respective remedies. (power of knowledge, capacity of discernment, strength of wisdom)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vijñānasāmarthya

vijñānasāmarthya - power of knowledge, capacity for discernment

Compound type : tatpurusha (vijñāna+sāmarthya)

• vijñāna – discernment, knowledge, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  From vi + jñā (to know)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• sāmarthya – power, capacity, strength, ability
  noun (neuter)
  From samartha (capable) + -ya (nominalizing suffix)

Note: Subject of iyāt.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

बालैः (bālaiḥ) - With those who lack wisdom or discernment, hence 'ignorant'. (by children, with ignorant ones, with fools)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāla

bāla - child, ignorant person, fool, young animal

समताम् (samatām) - equality, similarity, same level

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samatā

samatā - equality, sameness, impartiality

From sama (equal) + -tā (feminine noun suffix)

Note: Object of iyāt.

इयात् (iyāt) - One should attain equality. (one should go, one should reach, one should attain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of i

Optative Mood, Active Voice

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject is vijñānasāmarthyam.