महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-283, verse-3

वाणिज्यं पाशुपाल्यं च तथा शिल्पोपजीवनम् ।
शूद्रस्यापि विधीयन्ते यदा वृत्तिर्न जायते ॥३॥

3. vāṇijyaṁ pāśupālyaṁ ca tathā śilpopajīvanam ,
śūdrasyāpi vidhīyante yadā vṛttirna jāyate.

3. vāṇijyam pāśupālyam ca tathā śilpopajīvanam
śūdrasya api vidhīyante yadā vṛttiḥ na jāyate

3. yadā vṛttiḥ na jāyate tadā vāṇijyam pāśupālyam
tathā śilpopajīvanam ca śūdrasya api vidhīyante

3. Trade, animal husbandry, and also subsistence through handicrafts are prescribed even for a śūdra when their proper means of livelihood is not available.

Words meanings summery:

• वाणिज्यम् (vāṇijyam) - trade (trade, commerce, mercantile business)

• पाशुपाल्यम् (pāśupālyam) - animal husbandry (cattle-rearing, animal husbandry)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, similarly, and)

• शिल्पोपजीवनम् (śilpopajīvanam) - subsistence through handicrafts (livelihood by handicrafts, living by art/craft)

• शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - for a śūdra (of a śūdra, for a śūdra)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• विधीयन्ते (vidhīyante) - are prescribed (are prescribed, are enjoined, are ordained)

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, whenever)

• वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - (proper) livelihood (livelihood, occupation, course of conduct, existence)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• जायते (jāyate) - is available, occurs (is born, arises, occurs, becomes available)

Words meanings and morphology

वाणिज्यम् (vāṇijyam) - trade (trade, commerce, mercantile business)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vāṇijya

vāṇijya - trade, commerce, mercantile profession

From vaṇij (merchant) + -ya suffix.

Note: Subject of `vidhīyante`.

पाशुपाल्यम् (pāśupālyam) - animal husbandry (cattle-rearing, animal husbandry)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāśupālya

pāśupālya - keeping of cattle, animal husbandry

From paśupāla (herdsman) + -ya suffix.

Note: Subject of `vidhīyante`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, similarly, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

शिल्पोपजीवनम् (śilpopajīvanam) - subsistence through handicrafts (livelihood by handicrafts, living by art/craft)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śilpopajīvana

śilpopajīvana - living by means of handicraft or art

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śilpa+upajīvana)

• śilpa – art, craft, skill, handicraft
  noun (neuter)
• upajīvana – living by, subsistence, means of livelihood
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  From upa- + root jīv- (to live) + -ana suffix.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of `vidhīyante`.

शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - for a śūdra (of a śūdra, for a śūdra)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the fourth social class

Note: Expresses purpose or beneficiary.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

विधीयन्ते (vidhīyante) - are prescribed (are prescribed, are enjoined, are ordained)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dhā

Passive form of root dhā with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The subjects are `vāṇijyam`, `pāśupālyam`, `śilpopajīvanam`.

यदा (yadā) - when (when, whenever)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a temporal clause.

वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - (proper) livelihood (livelihood, occupation, course of conduct, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - livelihood, occupation, course of conduct, manner of being

From root vṛt- (to turn, exist) + -ti suffix.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject of `jāyate`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates `jāyate`.

जायते (jāyate) - is available, occurs (is born, arises, occurs, becomes available)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Middle voice form of root jan (class 4).

Root: jan (class 4)

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