महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-283, verse-27

तस्माद्गुणेषु रज्येथा मा दोषेषु कदाचन ।
निर्गुणो यो हि दुर्बुद्धिरात्मनः सोऽरिरुच्यते ॥२७॥

27. tasmādguṇeṣu rajyethā mā doṣeṣu kadācana ,
nirguṇo yo hi durbuddhirātmanaḥ so'rirucyate.

27. tasmāt guṇeṣu rajyethāḥ mā doṣeṣu kadācana
nirguṇaḥ yaḥ hi durbuddhiḥ ātmanaḥ saḥ ariḥ ucyate

27. tasmāt guṇeṣu rajyethāḥ,
mā kadācana doṣeṣu.
hi yaḥ nirguṇaḥ durbuddhiḥ,
saḥ ātmanaḥ ariḥ ucyate.

27. Therefore, one should be attracted to virtues, and never to faults. For whoever is devoid of good qualities and is ill-minded, he is declared to be an enemy of the self (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• गुणेषु (guṇeṣu) - in qualities, in virtues

• रज्येथाः (rajyethāḥ) - you should be attracted, you should delight

• मा (mā) - not, do not

• दोषेषु (doṣeṣu) - in faults, in vices

• कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time, (with `mā`) never

• निर्गुणः (nirguṇaḥ) - devoid of qualities, without attributes

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - ill-minded, foolish, wicked-minded

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of oneself

• सः (saḥ) - he

• अरिः (ariḥ) - enemy

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is declared

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Used adverbially as 'therefore'.

गुणेषु (guṇeṣu) - in qualities, in virtues

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, attribute, constituent of nature, secondary quality, merit

रज्येथाः (rajyethāḥ) - you should be attracted, you should delight

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of rañj

Optative Middle Voice

From root `rañj` (class 4), passive/middle form.

Root: rañj (class 4)

Note: The `ḥ` ending indicates `s` of `thās` (middle 2nd singular optative ending) becoming `ḥ` by sandhi rules.

मा (mā) - not, do not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle, often used with injunctive mood.

दोषेषु (doṣeṣu) - in faults, in vices

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, sin, evil

From root `duṣ` (to corrupt, be faulty).

Root: duṣ (class 4)

कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time, (with `mā`) never

(indeclinable)

From `kadā` (when) + `cana` (indefinite particle).

निर्गुणः (nirguṇaḥ) - devoid of qualities, without attributes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirguṇa

nirguṇa - without qualities, devoid of attributes, faultless

From `nis` (without) + `guṇa` (quality).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+guṇa)

• nis – out, forth, away, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix/Preposition
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute, constituent of nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `yaḥ` (whoever).

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing cause or emphasis.

दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - ill-minded, foolish, wicked-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durbuddhi

durbuddhi - foolish, ill-minded, wicked intellect

Compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+buddhi)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix/Preposition
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment, perception
  noun (feminine)
  From root `budh` (to know, understand).
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `yaḥ`.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of oneself

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual soul, supreme soul (ātman)

Note: Possessive case, 'of the self'.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of `ucyate`.

अरिः (ariḥ) - enemy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ari

ari - enemy, foe, rival, stranger

From root `ṛ` (to go, move) with `a` prefix, or related to `ar` (to hurt).

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present Passive Voice

From root `vac` (to speak), passive form.

Root: vac (class 2)